The War of 1812 CausesCourseConsequences

The Second War for Independence If the US could “beat” England twice “in the same season,” the world would believe they were a powerful country and that the first win was no accident.

Causes – Trade Wars Restrictions on trade by both Britain and France Britain had the larger navy and used impressment Pres. Thomas Jefferson Elected 1800 and 1804

Jefferson tried to prevent war by an embargo on ALL imports. Not popular!

Causes- Impressment A legalized form of kidnapping that forced people into military service A legalized form of kidnapping that forced people into military service Britain claimed the right to stop American ships and search for deserters. They often impressed American citizens at the same time. Britain claimed the right to stop American ships and search for deserters. They often impressed American citizens at the same time.

Causes War Hawks in Congress War Hawks in Congress Henry Clay Henry Clay John C. Calhoun John C. Calhoun

Causes British still occupied forts in the Northwest Territory where they were supplying weapons for Indian attacks British still occupied forts in the Northwest Territory where they were supplying weapons for Indian attacks

US assumed it would be easy to conquer US assumed it would be easy to conquer Unstated but true – Some leaders in the US wanted to add Canada to its territory Unstated but true – Some leaders in the US wanted to add Canada to its territory

Course: main battle areas Battles with Indians on the frontier (started well before declared war) Battles with Indians on the frontier (started well before declared war) Canada and the Great Lakes Canada and the Great Lakes Chesapeake Bay/Washington, DC Chesapeake Bay/Washington, DC New Orleans New Orleans

Battle of Tippecanoe Nov. 7, 1811 Victory by U.S. troops over the Shawnee Gen. William Henry Harrison led the U.S. force and was established as a national figure

Course: main battle areas Chesapeake Bay Chesapeake Bay The Star Spangled Banner was written here by Francis Scott Key The Star Spangled Banner was written here by Francis Scott Key Fort McHenry, Baltimore harbor, Maryland

Course: main battle areas Washington, DC Washington, DC Dolly Madison didn’t evacuate the White House until the last minute Dolly Madison didn’t evacuate the White House until the last minute Troops ate Madison’s supper Troops ate Madison’s supper Then they burned the city Then they burned the city

Course: main battle areas Washington, DC Washington, DC Dolly Madison cut this portrait out of its frame and saved some other treasures by loading them in a wagon as she left right before the British troops Dolly Madison cut this portrait out of its frame and saved some other treasures by loading them in a wagon as she left right before the British troops

Battle of New Orleans Greatest US victory of the War Greatest US victory of the War Made Andrew Jackson a hero Made Andrew Jackson a hero Actually occurred AFTER the Treaty of Ghent had been signed Actually occurred AFTER the Treaty of Ghent had been signed

Hartford Convention Discussed secession but didn’t vote for it Discussed secession but didn’t vote for it Delegates demanded money from Washington to make up for lost trade Delegates demanded money from Washington to make up for lost trade Proposed a Constitutional amendment requiring a 2/3s vote in Congress before an embargo could be imposed, new states admitted, or war declared (except in cases of invasion) Proposed a Constitutional amendment requiring a 2/3s vote in Congress before an embargo could be imposed, new states admitted, or war declared (except in cases of invasion) BAD TIMING! They arrived in DC at the same time as news of the Battle of New Orleans. BAD TIMING! They arrived in DC at the same time as news of the Battle of New Orleans.

Consequences (Results) Status quo ante bellum (Latin for no territory gained or lost) Status quo ante bellum (Latin for no territory gained or lost) Increased nationalism/ war heroes Increased nationalism/ war heroes Two war heroes eventually became Presidents

Consequences (Results) Respect from foreign countries Respect from foreign countries Stronger navy Stronger navy

Consequences (Results) Manufacturing increased, especially in New England Manufacturing increased, especially in New England Indians crushed for a time Indians crushed for a time Canadian nationalism increased Canadian nationalism increased