Foreign imperialism increased nationalism Nationalist political parties pushed for modernization and change in China Kuomintang, Chinese Nationalist Party

The Revolutionary Alliance overthrew the last Qing emperor in 1911 – Imperial rule in China ended Established the Republic of China

Chinese nationalist revolutionary leader of the Kuomintang Party Wanted to see democracy established in China Became the President of the Republic of China

Sun Yixan’s 3 Principles of the People Sun Yixan’s 3 Principles of the People NationalismNationalism End foreign control People’s Rights People’s liveilhood Democracy Economic security for all

Sun Yixian turned over the presidency to General Yuan Shikai in 1916 – civil war broke out between rival warlords – Peasants faced economic hardships

Japan gained German territories in China from the Treaty of Versailles Anger in China led to the formation of the May Fourth Movement Called for the modernization of China to fight foreign intervention

Rival Political Groups in China in the 1920’s Communist Party Nationalist Kuomintang Party Led by Mao Zedong Led by Jiang Jieshi supported by peasants Supported by bankers and businesspeople

Emerged as the leader of the Communists in China Believed a Communist revolution in China would begin with the peasants rather than workers

Also known as Chiang Kai- shek Partnered with the Communists to fight Chinese warlords and foreign imperialism Began to see communists as a threat – Turned on communists in 1927 – Killed thousands of communists in Chinese cities

Mao Zedong and Chinese Communists marched 6,000 miles to flee Kuomintang forces – Crossed 18 mountain ranges & 24 rivers – Only about 8,000 out 100,000 survived – Established a base in the caves of Northwestern China

Mao’s forces survived to continue the fight against the Nationalists – Gained new followers

Communists gained the support of the peasants – majority of people Reasons for peasant support – Had been oppressed by landlords and paid high taxes – Communists promised to take land from landlords and give to peasants

Fighting between Communists and Nationalists weakened China Japan took advantage of the conflict and invaded Manchuria in 1931 – Industrialized province in Northern China Japan launched an all out invasion of China in 1937 – Massive bombing of villages and cities – Rape of Nanking

Communists and Nationalists agreed to a truce after Japan invaded in the 1930’s – United to fight the Japanese during WWII

When WWII ended Communists and Nationalists resumed fighting over control

Communists ended up driving the Nationalist Kuomintang forces out of China in 1949 – Nationalists fled to the Island of Taiwan – Mao declared China was the People’s Republic of China on Oct. 1, 1949

What were Sun Yixian’s “Three Principles of the People”? Who was the leader of the Communists in China? Which group did Jiang Jieshi lead in China?