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February 9, 2012
Today we are learning how the Mongols created the world’s largest land empire.
*Mongols lived north of China in Mongolia *Tribes raised sheep, cattle, goats, and horses
*Steppes – wide rolling grassy plains *Known for: Ability to ride horses Ability to wage war
*Temujin – “blacksmith” *1206 – Mongol leaders meet in the Gobi desert and elect Temujin; aka: Genghis Khan
*Genghis Khan – “strong ruler” Achievements: *Brought together Mongol laws *Set up a group of tribal chiefs to help w/ military campaigns.
Army – more than 100k soldiers *Job specialization: placed into well trained groups *Officers chosen on a merit system *Empire building – began with other people on the steppes.
*1211- invaded China *Terror – violent actions meant to scare people into surrendering *Mongols become known for violence & terror which lead to surrendering.
*1227- Genghis Khan dies. *Empire divided among 4 sons 1258 – Baghdad falls under Mongol control stopped from advancing past Egypt by Muslims.
*Peace = trade. *Mongols taxed products entering trade routes that lay in their territory. (Silk Rd.) *Adopted beliefs and customs of those they conquered. (shows respect) *Accepted Islam
Chinese taught them: *Gunpowder – used as an explosive *Fire lance - used gunpowder Made them even scarier!!!
*Kublai Khan – Genghis’ grandson *1264 – capital moved from Karakorum to Khanbaliq *Khanbaliq = present day Beijing *1271 – Khan decided to be emperor of China
*Within 10 yrs, Mongols conquered China – no more Song dynasty. *Kublai Khan started the Yuan dynasty “beginning” *Showed the Mongols wanted to rule China for a long time! *Lasted 100 years
*Kublai ruled for 30 years. *Knew to keep Chinese scholar-officials in charge of the gov. Khanbaliq – became known for its wide streets, beautiful palaces, and fine homes!
Differences: *Language *Laws *Customs *Mongol rulers did not mix w/ Chinese people *Buddhist *Tolerant of other religions *Kublai Khan invited Christians, Muslims, and Hindus to practice their faiths in China Similarities :
*European traveler Came from Venice, Italy *Kublai Khan loved his stories & sent him on fact-finding trips. (For 16 Years!!!) *Polo returned to Europe & wrote books.
Imports- *silver, *spices, *carpets, *cotton Exports – *tea, *silk, *porcelain
*Mongols conquered Vietnam and N. Korea *Koreans forced to build warships *Koryo = the leaders in Korea *Used to invade Japan