Reproductive Disorders

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Miscarriage- spontaneous abortion Laparoscopy- Under anesthesia, abdomen distended with carbon dioxide gas to make organs easier to see,- tube with a light on it is inserted through tiny incision,- can remove tissue with laparoscope

Breast cancer The leading cause of death in woman between the ages of 32 and 52 Treatment Chemotherapy Radiation therapy Partial or full mastectomy Lumpectomy Life saving measures Monthly breast exams Mammogram Ultrasound Normal Abnormal

Breast Disorders Mastitis: infection of the breast tissue that results in breast pain, swelling, warmth and redness of the breast. Mastectomy- surgical removal of the breast Mammogram- breast x- ray to detect tumors, recommended annually for women over 40.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) infection of the female reproductive organs usually occurs when sexually transmitted bacteria spread from your vagina to your uterus and upper genital tract. Can be asymptomatic (especially due to chlamydia) What are risk factors? Unsafe sexual practices that increase your likelihood of acquiring a sexually transmitted infection (STI) — such as unprotected sex with one or more partners What are some complications of PID? Untreated pelvic inflammatory disease may cause scar tissue and collections of infected fluid (abscesses) to develop in your fallopian tubes and damage your reproductive organs. (ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, infertility) How is PID treated? Antibiotics are the standard treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease

Polycystic ovarian syndrome Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder among women of reproductive age. The name of the condition comes from the appearance of the ovaries in most, but not all, women with the disorder — enlarged and containing numerous small cysts located along the outer edge of each ovary (polycystic appearance). Cause: unknown Symptoms: Menstrual abnormality, Excess androgen, Polycystic ovaries Treatment: Various medications to control menstruation, acne, and other symptoms

Endometrial tissue found outside the uterus Abnormal patches of the uterine lining Results in internal bleeding, inflammation of surrounding areas and formation of scar tissue, dysmenorrhea, infertility, heavy or irregular bleeding Cause: Unknown Endometriosis

Cervical Cancer Test to detect cancer of the cervix is called Papanicolaou (pap) smear (Should be done yearly)\ MOST COMMON CAUSE- HPV RX- early detection, hysterectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation Gardasil and Cervarix

Bacterial infection caused by a staphylococcus organism Sym- fever, rash and hypotension Cause – use of tampons TX-antibiotics Toxic Shock Syndrome

Not a sexually transmitted illness. However, sexual partners may be infected and need to be treated to prevent re-infection Vaginal yeast infection caused by the fungus candida Antibiotic use Pregnancy Uncontrolled diabetes Impaired immune system Anything that changes the type and amount of bacteria normally present in the vagina, such as douching or irritation from inadequate vaginal lubrication Symptoms: vaginal irritation, intense itchiness and vaginal discharge To reduce your risk of vaginal yeast infection: Avoid douching. Wear cotton underwear and loosefitting pants or skirts. Avoid tight-fitting underwear or pantyhose. Change out of wet clothes, such as swimsuits or workout attire, as soon as possible. Stay out of hot tubs or very hot baths. Treatment: ANTIFUNGAL Meds

Chlamydia Genital warts Gonorrhea Herpes HIV Syphilis Trichomonas Sexually transmitted infections

Genital Herpes A viral infection STD Burning sensation with small blisters on genitalia Sym- disappear after 2 weeks but will continue to reappear throughout the lifetime of the individual. Females may need a C-section to prevent infection of newborn during childbirth.

Contraception Methods of preventing pregnancy and in some instances, some degree of protection against STDs. Understanding required for practice as a health care worker. Sterilization Male- Vasectomy Female-Tubal ligation MethodEffectiveness Abstinence100% Sterilization100% Birth Control Pills 95-99% IUD93-99% Diaphragm90-99% Condom85-97% Spermacides, Douching, Withdrawl and Rhythm ????-85%