Chapter 23 Electric Fields.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 21 Electric Charge and Electric Field. Charles Allison © 2000 Question An  particle with a charge +2e and a mass of 4m p is on a collision course.
Advertisements

Coulomb’s Law. Coulomb’s Law… = the relationship among electrical forces, charges, and distance. It is like Newton’s law of gravity. But, unlike gravity,
Chapter 23 Electric Fields.
Electric Forces and Electric Fields. Properties of Electric Charges Two types of charges exist They are called positive and negative Named by Benjamin.
Sinai University Faculty of Engineering Science Department of Basic Science 4/15/2017 W1.
CHAPTER 23 : ELECTRIC FIELDS
Chapter 18: Electric Forces and Fields
Chapter 23 Electric Fields.
Electric Charge, Force, and Field
Nadiah Alenazi 1 Chapter 23 Electric Fields 23.1 Properties of Electric Charges 23.3 Coulomb ’ s Law 23.4 The Electric Field 23.6 Electric Field Lines.
Chapter 23 Electric Fields Summer 1996, Near the University of Arizona.
Halliday/Resnick/Walker Fundamentals of Physics 8th edition
Chapter 23 Summer 1996, Near the University of Arizona Chapter 23 Electric Fields.
Dr. Jie ZouPHY Chapter 23 Electric fields (cont.)
Chapter 23 Electric Fields.
Electric Forces and Electric Fields
Chapter 21 & 22 Electric Charge Coulomb’s Law This force of repulsion or attraction due to the charge properties of objects is called an electrostatic.
Electric Field You have learned that two charges will exert a force on each other even though they are not actually touching each other. This force is.
Bright Storm on Electric Field (Start to minute 6:18)
Chapter 23 Electric Charge and Electric Fields What is a field? Why have them? What causes fields? Field TypeCaused By gravitymass electriccharge magneticmoving.
Chapter 23 Electric Fields.
Chapter 18 Electricity at Rest. A Bit of History Ancient Greeks Ancient Greeks Observed electric and magnetic phenomena as early as 700 BCObserved electric.
Chapter 21 Electric Charge and Electric Fields
Electric Field Lines - a “map” of the strength of the electric field. The electric field is force per unit charge, so the field lines are sometimes called.
Chapter 25 Electric Potential Electrical Potential and Potential Difference When a test charge is placed in an electric field, it experiences a.
Lecture 3 Electric Field Electric Field Lines Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium Millikan’s Oil-Drop Experiment Van de Graff Generator Electric Flux.
Chapter 16 Electric Forces and Electric Fields. Fundamental Forces of Nature.
Lecture 2 Properties of Electric Charges Insulators and Conductors Coulomb’s Law Electric Field Problem Solving Strategy.
Chapter 21 Gauss’s Law. Electric Field Lines Electric field lines (convenient for visualizing electric field patterns) – lines pointing in the direction.
1 Electric Field – Continuous Charge Distribution As the average separation between source charges is smaller than the distance between the charges and.
Chapter 19 Electrostatics Electrostatics A Bit of History Ancient Greeks Ancient Greeks Observed electric and magnetic phenomena as early as 700 BCObserved.
Chapter 23, part I 1. Electrical charge. 2. Coulomb’s Law about force between two point charges. 3. Application of Coulomb’s Law.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture 4 – Electricity & Magnetism (Electrostatics) a. Electric Charge, Electric Field & Gauss’ Law.
Introduction to Electrostatics Unit 14, Presentation 1.
Electric Forces and Electric Fields
Electric Forces and Electric Fields. Properties of Electric Charges Two types of charges exist Two types of charges exist They are called positive and.
Chapter 19 Electric Forces and Electric Fields Electric Charges There are two kinds of electric charges Called positive and negative Negative.
Electric Forces and Fields: Coulomb’s Law
My Chapter 16 Lecture Outline.
Electric Field Models The electric field of a point charge q at the origin, r = 0, is where є 0 = 8.85 × 10 –12 C 2 /N m 2 is the permittivity constant.
General Physics II, Lec 3, By/ T.A. Eleyan 1 Lecture 3 The Electric Field.
110/29/2015 Physics Lecture 4  Electrostatics Electric flux and Gauss’s law Electrical energy potential difference and electric potential potential energy.
Electric Charge and Coulomb’s Law
Lecture 2 The Electric Field. Chapter 15.4  15.9 Outline The Concept of an Electric Field Electric Field Lines Electrostatic Equilibrium Electric Flux.
Electric Charge, Forces, and Fields Electric charge is a property of many elementary particles. There is a basic unit of charge that apparently cannot.
Electric Forces and Electric Fields
111/28/2015 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM Phy 220 Chapter 3: Electric Potential.
22-4 The Electric Field Due to a Point Charge
Electric Fields and Forces
Electric Field-Intro Electric force is a field force. Field forces can act through space, i.e. requires no physical contact. Faraday developed the concept.
Electric Fields. The gravitational and electric forces can act through space without any physical contact between the interacting objects. Just like the.
CH-22: Electric Fields Q1:What we learned from the preceding chapter?
Electric Field.
Section 23.3: Coulomb’s Law
Electric Forces and Electric Fields
Lecture 19 Electric Potential
Conductor, insulator and ground. Force between two point charges:
Chapter 15 Electric Forces and Electric Fields. First Observations – Greeks Observed electric and magnetic phenomena as early as 700 BC Found that amber,
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Section 23.4: The Electric Field.
Chapter 22 Electric Fields The Electric Field: The Electric Field is a vector field. The electric field, E, consists of a distribution of vectors,
Electric Fields Due to Continuous Charge Distributions
Electric Forces and Fields AP Physics C. Electrostatic Forces (F) (measured in Newtons) q1q1 q2q2 k = 9 x 10 9 N*m 2 /C 2 This is known as “Coulomb’s.
There are only two charges, positive and negative.
Electric Forces and Electric Fields
Electricity and Magnetism Electric Fields: Coulomb’s Law
The Electric Field Figure Force exerted by charge Q on a small test charge, q, placed at points A, B, and C.
Electric Forces and Electric Fields
2.1 Coulomb’s Law 2.2 Electric Field 2.3 Electric field lines
Section 23.3: Coulomb’s Law
Chapter 23 Electric Fields.
Presentation transcript:

Chapter 23 Electric Fields

Charles Coulomb 1736 – 1806 French physicist Major contributions were in areas of electrostatics and magnetism Also investigated in areas of Strengths of materials Structural mechanics Ergonomics

Coulomb’s Law Charles Coulomb measured the magnitudes of electric forces between two small charged spheres He found the force depended on the charges and the distance between them

Coulomb’s Law, Equation Mathematically, The SI unit of charge is the coulomb (C) ke is called the Coulomb constant ke = 8.9876 x 109 N.m2/C2 = 1/(4πeo) eo is the permittivity of free space eo = 8.8542 x 10-12 C2 / N.m2

Coulomb's Law, Notes Remember the charges need to be in coulombs e is the smallest unit of charge except quarks e = 1.6 x 10-19 C So 1 C needs 6.24 x 1018 electrons or protons Typical charges can be in the µC range Remember that force is a vector quantity

Particle Summary Ex 23.1 qp( C ) qe( C ) k( N•m2/C2 ) Fe(N) 1.6x10-19 수소원자 qp( C ) qe( C ) k( N•m2/C2 ) Fe(N) 1.6x10-19 -1.6x10-19 8.99x109 8.2x10-8 mp( kg ) me( kg ) G( N•m2/C2 ) FG(N) 1.67x10-27 9.11x10-31 6.67x10-11 3.6x10-47 r=5.3x10-11 m

수소 원자 예제 23.1 수소 원자의 전자와 양성자는 평균적으로 대략 5.3 ×10-11m 거리만큼 떨어져 있다. 두 입자 사이에 작용하는 전기력과 중력의 크기를 구하라. 풀이

Vector Nature of Electric Forces In vector form, is a unit vector directed from q1 to q2 The like charges produce a repulsive force between them Use the active figure to move the charges and observe the force PLAY ACTIVE FIGURE

Superposition Principle, Example q1=q3=5.0μC, q2=-2.0μC a=0.10m The force exerted by q1 on q3 is The force exerted by q2 on q3 is The resultant force exerted on q3 is the vector sum of and F3 =(7.9ȋ+7.9ĵ)N =(-9.0ȋ)N F3=F13+F23=(-1.1ȋ+7.9ĵ)N

합력 구하기 예제 23.2 삼각형의 꼭지점에 세 개의 전하 q1=q3=5.0nC, q2=-2.0nC이 위치하고 a=0.10m이다. q3에 작용하는 알짜힘을 구하라. 풀이

Zero Resultant Force, Example Where is the resultant force equal to zero? The magnitudes of the individual forces will be equal Directions will be opposite Will result in a quadratic Choose the root that gives the forces in opposite directions

Electrical Force with Other Forces, Example The spheres are in equilibrium Since they are separated, they exert a repulsive force on each other Charges are like particles Proceed as usual with equilibrium problems, noting one force is an electrical force m1=m2=3.0ᵡ10-2kg L=0.15m, θ=5.0° q=?

구의 전하량 구하기 예제 23.3 질량이 각각3.0 ×10-2 kg이고 동일하게 대전된 두 개의 작은 구가 그림과 같이 평형 상태로 매달려 있다. 각 실의 길이는 0.15m이고 각도 θ는 5.0 °이다. 각 구의 전하량을 구하라. 풀이

Electric Field – Introduction The electric force is a field force Field forces can act through space The effect is produced even with no physical contact between objects Faraday developed the concept of a field in terms of electric fields

Electric Field – Definition An electric field is said to exist in the region of space around a charged object This charged object is the source charge When another charged object, the test charge, enters this electric field, an electric force acts on it

Electric Field – Definition, cont The electric field is defined as the electric force on the test charge per unit charge The electric field vector, , at a point in space is defined as the electric force acting on a positive test charge, qo placed at that point divided by the test charge:

Electric Field – Definition, cont

Electric Field, Notes is the field produced by some charge or charge distribution, separate from the test charge The existence of an electric field is a property of the source charge The presence of the test charge is not necessary for the field to exist The test charge serves as a detector of the field

Electric Field Notes, Final The direction of is that of the force on a positive test charge The SI units of are N/C We can also say that an electric field exists at a point if a test charge at that point experiences an electric force

Relationship Between F and E This is valid for a point charge only One of zero size For larger objects, the field may vary over the size of the object If q is positive, the force and the field are in the same direction If q is negative, the force and the field are in opposite directions

Electric Field, Vector Form Remember Coulomb’s law, between the source and test charges, can be expressed as Then, the electric field will be

More About Electric Field Direction a) q is positive, the force is directed away from q b) The direction of the field is also away from the positive source charge c) q is negative, the force is directed toward q d) The field is also toward the negative source charge Use the active figure to change the position of point P and observe the electric field PLAY ACTIVE FIGURE

Superposition with Electric Fields At any point P, the total electric field due to a group of source charges equals the vector sum of the electric fields of all the charges

Superposition Example Find the electric field due to q1, Find the electric field due to q2, Remember, the fields add as vectors The direction of the individual fields is the direction of the force on a positive test charge Ex 23.4 |E1|=keq1/r12 =E(a,b,y,q1,q2) |E2|=ke|q2|/r22

두 전하에 의한 전기장 예제 23.4 그림과 같이 전하 q1과 q2가 x축 상에 있고, 원점에서부터 각각 거리 a와 b에 있다. (A) y축에 있는 점 P에서 알짜 전기장 성분을 구하라. 풀이 (A)

두 전하에 의한 전기장(계속) 예제 23.4 (B) |q1|=|q2|와 a=b인 특별한 경우에 점 P에서 전기장을 구하라. (C) 점 P가 원점으로부터 거리 y≫a일 때, 전기 쌍극자에 의한 전기장을 구하라. 풀이 (B) 이므로 (C)

Electric Field – Continuous Charge Distribution, equations For the individual charge elements Because the charge distribution is continuous

Ex 23.5 λ ≡ Q / ℓ Fig. 23-15, p. 656

전하 막대에 의한 전기장 예제 23.5 길이가 ℓ인 막대에 전체 양 전하 Q가 단위 길이당 전하 λ로 고르게 퍼져 있다. 막대의 긴축 한쪽 끝으로부터 a 만큼 떨어진 점 P에서 전기장을 구하라. 풀이

Ex 23.6 Fig. 23-16, p. 657

균일한 고리 전하에 의한 전기장 예제 23.6 전체 양전하 Q가 반지름이 a인 고리에 균일하게 분포하고 있다. 고리 면에 수직인 중심축으로부터 x 만큼 떨어져 있는 점 P에서 고리에 의한 전기장을 구하라. 풀이 이므로

Example – Charged Disk Ex 23.7 The ring has a radius R and a uniform charge density σ Choose dq as a ring of radius r The ring has a surface area 2πr dr

균일한 원판 전하에 의한 전기장 예제 23.7 균일한 표면 전하 밀도 σ를 갖는 반지름 R의 원판이 있다. 원판의 중심을 지나고 수직인 축 위의 점 P에서 전기장을 구하라. 풀이 원형고리와 같이 대칭성에 의해 중심축에 수평한 성분만 남으므로 원판으로부터 가까운 축에서는(R ≫ x)

tangent to the electric field line at each point

Ex 23.8 일-에너지 정리 W=ΔK Fig. 23-23, p. 662

양전하의 가속 예제 23.8 거리 d 만큼 떨어지고 평행한 전하 판 사이에 균일한 전기장 E는 x축과 나란한 방향이다. 양전하 판에 가까운 점A에서 질량 m인 양의 점 전하 q를 정지 상태에서 가만히 놓으면, 이 양전하는 음전하 판 가까운 점 B쪽으로 가속도 운동을 한다. 입자가 일정한 가속도를 받고 있는 입자로 모형화하여 B점에서 입자의 속도를 구하라. 풀이 이므로 등가속도 운동을 한다. (B) 에너지 관계식으로 속력을 구하시오.

Electron in a Uniform Field, Example The electron is projected horizontally into a uniform electric field The electron undergoes a downward acceleration It is negative, so the acceleration is opposite the direction of the field Its motion is parabolic while between the plates Use the active figure to vary the field and the characteristics of the particle.

Fig. 23-24, p. 663

전자의 가속 예제 23.9 그림과 같이 E=200N/C인 균일한 전기장 영역으로, 전자가 처음 속력 vi =3.00 ×106 m/s으로 들어온다. 판의 수평 길이는 ℓ =0.100m이다. (A) 전자가 전기장 안에 있는 동안, 가속도를 구하라. 풀이 (B) 전자가 시각 t=0에 전기장 안으로 들어온다고 가정하고, 전자가 전기장을 떠나는 시간을 구하라. (C) 전자가 전기장 안으로 들어오는 수직 위치를 yi=0이라고 가정하고, 전자가 전기장을 떠날 때의 수직 위치를 구하라.