10.1 Students relate the moral and ethical principles in ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, in Judaism, and in Christianity to the development of Western political thought. 1. Analyze the similarities and differences in Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman views of law, reason and faith, and duties of the individual.

Jewish & Christian Views of Law The heart of Jewish law: You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your strength & Love your neighbor as yourself.

Jewish & Christian Views of Law The Jews were given the Law by God: 10 Commandments: 1.You shall have no other gods before Me. 2.You shall not make for yourself a carved image--any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth.

Jewish & Christian Views of Law 3.You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain. 4.Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. 5.Honor your father and your mother. 6.You shall not murder.

Jewish & Christian Views of Law 7.You shall not commit adultery. 8.You shall not steal. 9.You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.

Jewish & Christian Views of Law 10.You shall not covet your neighbor’s house; you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, nor his male servant, nor his female servant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is your neighbor’s.

Jewish & Christian Views of Law Theocracy The Jewish nation was theocratic: Rule by God Jewish law was designed to set Jews apart from the other nations, keep them pure, and keep them safe.

Jewish & Christian Views of Law Christians were taught to obey the laws set forth by rulers, including paying taxes. “Let every soul be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and the authorities that exist are appointed by God.

Jewish & Christian Views of Law Therefore whoever resists the authority resists the ordinance of God, and those who resist will bring judgment on themselves.” Romans 13:1-2

Jewish & Christian Views: Reason and Faith Hebrews Believe: Man had dignity because he is a child of God Man is Created in His (God’s) image Equality of people before God Sacred worth of the individual

Jewish & Christian Views: Reason and Faith Christians Believe God gives you the moral freedom to choose, but YOU are responsible for your choices. Jesus adopts Jewish morality & explained it in a different way, expanding man’s understanding of faith.

Jewish & Christian Views: Reason and Faith Judaism and Christianity emphasize man's freedom to act morally. Their legacy provides a foundation of thought which effectively supports the proposition that democracy is for all.

Jewish & Christian Views: Duties of the Individual Jews were taught from birth to keep all of the Laws given by God. For Christians, God appoints all rulers, and these rulers must therefore be obeyed. Christians are to submit to those in authority over them.

Jewish & Christian Views: Duties of the Individual Christians are to forgive their enemies, and love those who oppress them.

Jewish & Christian Views: Duties of the Individual “But I say to you, love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who spitefully use you and persecute you.” Matt 5:44

In a democracy, people are free and equal. They have dignity and worth. The Declaration of Independence states that “We hold these truths to be self- evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”

These rights, these Natural Rights, are given by God, and cannot be taken away. Therefore, when coupled with the fact that we have self-worth and dignity because we’re created in God’s image (Jewish idea), these rights help form the basis of any democracy.

Jewish & Christian Views: Duties of the Individual Because we are citizens, and not subjects, we may exercise our God given rights that exist in a participatory government, a Democracy. We can vote, serve on Juries, take public office, etc..

Further, because we have worth and dignity, something lacking in a monarchy or empire, we stand equal. The Jews believed we are all equal before God. This concept is similar to the Roman view of equality before the Law. Because we’re equal, we can, again, participate in a democratic government.