2.6 Structure of DNA and RNA

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Presentation transcript:

2.6 Structure of DNA and RNA Understanding: The nucleic acids and DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides DNA differs from RNA in the number of strands normally present, the base composition and type of pentose DNA is a double helix made of two antiparallel strands of nucleotides linked by hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs Applications: Crick and Watson’s elucidation of the structure of DNA using model-making Nature of science: Using models as representation of the real world: Crick and Watson used model-making to discover the structure of DNA Skills: Drawing simple diagrams of the structure of single nucleotides and of DNA and RNA, using circles, pentagons and rectangles to represent phosphates, pentoses and bases

Polymer Individual unit called a nucleotide DNA and RNA Nucleic Acids Polymer Individual unit called a nucleotide DNA and RNA

Nucleotide Structure 3 components: Pentose sugar Phosphate base Stay the same Changes Contains nitrogen & carbon Pentose sugar (5 Carbon atoms) 3 components: Pentose sugar (ribose in DNA and RNA) Phosphate Organic base (always contains nitrogen)

DNA or RNA? DNA RNA Sugar is deoxyribose Sugar is ribose Deoxyribonucleic acid Ribonucleic acid Contains one less oxygen on ribose Contains one more oxygen on ribose Single stranded Double stranded (double helix) Contains uracil as a base Contains thymine as a base

DNA or RNA? DNA RNA Sugar is deoxyribose Deoxyribonucleic acid Contains one less oxygen on ribose Double stranded (double helix) Contains thymine as a base Sugar is ribose Ribonucleic acid Contains one more oxygen on ribose Single stranded Contains uracil as a base

Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine Bases Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine

*Purines always pair with pyrimidines* 4 Bases Purines – Double ringed structure Pyrimidines – Single ringed structure *Purines always pair with pyrimidines*

C only likes G and A only likes T. T is green and A is orange, C is red and G is blue. What would the colour order of the following sequence be? CATTGTAC What would be the opposite?

CATTGTAC GTAACATG

Bondings The base and sugar join with a: glycosidic bond The phosphate and sugar join with an: ester bond Both require a condensation reaction to occur 

2 condensation reactions occur in the formation of a nucleotide: Phosphate 2 condensation reactions occur in the formation of a nucleotide: H Ester bond OH Glycosidic bond OH H Base Sugar

5’ 3 hydrogen bonds 3’ C G 0.34nm A T 3’ 2 hydrogen bonds 5’ 2nm

Tell me… 4 names of bases in DNA 3 components of a nucleotide 2 types of bonds in a nucleotide 1 place where a condensation reaction occurs 1 difference between purine and pyrimidine bases

It took two attempts for them to be successful DNA models Model making was a key part in Crick and Watson’s discovery of the structure of DNA It took two attempts for them to be successful

DNA models Who were Crick and Watson? What did they discover? What did their first model look like? What did their second model look like? What was Rosalind Franklin’s role? What were the issues with their first model?

DNA bracelets Follow the sheet to make a bracelet What does each part represent? What are the good parts and bad parts of your model? How could it be improved?