Muckrakers

Muckrakers  Journalists and reporters who wrote about the often hidden problems in society, hoping that their articles would lead to awareness and then reform of the problems.  They “raked up” the “muck” to expose it.

The Jungle  The most famous muckraker was Upton Sinclair.  Wrote a novel called “The Jungle”

Muckrakers  The Jungle exposed the gruesome horrors of the unsanitary meat-packing industry.

An excerpt  It was only when the whole ham was spoiled that it came into the department of Elzbieta. Cut up by the two- thousand-revolutions-a-minute flyers, and mixed wit half a ton of other meat; no odor that ever was in a ham could make any difference. There was never the least attention paid to what was cut up for sausage; there would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected… and [it was] made over again for home consumption [eating]. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of … germs.

 There would be meat stored in great piles In rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it… This is no fairy story.

Muckrakers  Muckrakers exposed problems that the progressives then wanted to correct.

Monday 4/15/13  You need to have your notebook out and ready to take notes  You have homework tonight!!  Please continue to buy chocolate

S.C’s Progressive Governors  Duncan Clinch Hayward –child labor laws  Martin Frederick Ansel –Temperance laws  Robert Archer Cooper –”Hour Laws”  Richard Irvine Manning III –most progressive governor of them all

Governor Manning

 The most influential progressive governor.  Progressive Legislation-  Child labor  Prohibition  NAACP  Women’s rights laws

World War I

 Allied powers – Great Britain, Russia, USA, & France.  VS.  Central Powers- Germany, Austria Hungary, & Bulgaria.

President Woodrow Wilson

Woodrow Wilson “Home-boy”  Wilson lived in SC as a teenager.

Wilson – “He kept us out of the war!”…. For awhile.  Wilson tried to keep the US out of WWI.  But…. A German U-boat sank the British passenger ship the Lusitania.

Now Many Americans are MAD!  Because Britain was a close trading partner and friend of the US…  And because many Americans had died because of the sinking of the Lusitania…  Americans started edging towards entering the war.

Promises, Promises…  Germany pledged to restrict their use of submarines.  So Wilson, who had campaigned on the platform “He kept us out of the war” still did not commit the US to join the war.

Those sneaky Germans!  Then, US newspapers published a secret German telegram sent by German ambassador George Zimmerman to Mexico  The telegram proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany…..Germany would help Mexico get back any lands that the US had taken from them.

The Zimmerman Note  The Zimmerman note enraged Americans against Germany.

Russian Revolution  Then Russia had a revolution which replaced their monarchy with a republic.  Now Wilson could consider allying the US with a new “democratic” Russia.

Promises broken!  At this point, Germany took back their earlier pledge to restrict submarine use.  Now Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany in order to “make the world safe for democracy”.  Later Wilson would issue his “Fourteen Points”…basically a list of 14 principles he believed could prevent any future wars in Europe.

The US Joins the Allies  Fighting would continue in Europe for Four Years.

Tuesday 4/16/13  Turn your homework in to your class box  We are finishing up the WWI notes  Keep buying chocolate!

SC’s role in WW I  SC sent over 65,000 soldiers to fight in WWI.

The war helps SC’s economy  SC provided material to help the war effort.

SC mostly contributes agricultural products  Tobacco for cigarettes for the troops.

SC provides bases for training troops

Fort Jackson near Columbia  Army base for basic training.

Parris Island Marine Base near Beaufort

Charleston Navy Base

War also showed SC some of its problems  Many potential recruits from SC were turned away from serving in the military because they were illiterate. (Poor educational system)  SC was unable to provide much of the equipment and supplies needed by the military because the state had almost no industries (except textiles).

Out migration  Also during the war, much of the population of the State left to head to Northern States where there were many jobs in the industries and factories that were extra busy supplying material for the war.  African Americans especially left the State in large #’s.  This out migration created a labor shortage in the State.