Latin American Independence & The United States 9 th grade World History Mr. Snell

A full day of notes – condensed into these ideas… Suffrage = voting rights Suffrage = voting rights Factory Act 1833 – regulate child labor law Factory Act 1833 – regulate child labor law Irish Potato Famine - Irish Potato Famine - Anti-Semitism – hate towards jews Anti-Semitism – hate towards jews

Struggles in Latin America Saint Domingue is the first Latin American country to break free from Europe’s chains. Saint Domingue is the first Latin American country to break free from Europe’s chains. Sugar exports – Important to France Sugar exports – Important to France Profit based on slave labor!!! Profit based on slave labor!!!

Saint Domingue Influenced by French Rev., especially the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. Influenced by French Rev., especially the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. All free men should be able to vote. All free men should be able to vote. French settlers disagreed, and resisted the law in Saint Domingue. French settlers disagreed, and resisted the law in Saint Domingue.

Toussaint L’Overture Former African slave Former African slave Led revolt of mulattoes & slaves vs. French settlers Led revolt of mulattoes & slaves vs. French settlers Became a hero Became a hero Died in French prison in 1803 Died in French prison in 1803 Saint Domingue = French Saint Domingue = French Haiti = Independent Haiti = Independent declared independence from France in 1804, re-named country to Haiti. declared independence from France in 1804, re-named country to Haiti.

Haitian tent city post-2010 earthquake

Spain & Portugal Tensions grow between Creoles and Peninsulares Tensions grow between Creoles and Peninsulares Creole – people of european descent born in the colonies. Creole – people of european descent born in the colonies. Peninsulares – colonists born in Spain. Peninsulares – colonists born in Spain. Creoles faced exclusion in society. Creoles faced exclusion in society Napoleon invaded Spain & Portugal weakening their power in Latin America Napoleon invaded Spain & Portugal weakening their power in Latin America. A ripe time to fight for independence began! A ripe time to fight for independence began!

Mexico Mexico was a Spanish colony…surprise… Mexico was a Spanish colony…surprise… Father Hidalgo – Creole priest who made the first call for independence in Father Hidalgo – Creole priest who made the first call for independence in “Death to bad government and death to Spaniards.” “Death to bad government and death to Spaniards.”

Mexico is still fightin’ Jose Maria Morelos – leader of the revolutionary movement. Jose Maria Morelos – leader of the revolutionary movement. Organized Mexican Congress Organized Mexican Congress Strong military leader. Strong military leader.

Mexican Opposition Some Mexicans were royalists, or people who remained loyal to the Spanish king. Some Mexicans were royalists, or people who remained loyal to the Spanish king. In 1821 Mexico declared independence from Spain. In 1821 Mexico declared independence from Spain. Agustin Iturbide became Emperor Agustin I. Agustin Iturbide became Emperor Agustin I.

South America Also inspired by France, Haiti, Mexico, and USA. Also inspired by France, Haiti, Mexico, and USA. Simon Bolivar – the liberator of South America. Simon Bolivar – the liberator of South America. He wanted to unite all of South America into on country – the federation of the Andes. He wanted to unite all of South America into on country – the federation of the Andes. “America is ungovernable” -Simon Bolivar

Argentina & Chile Jose de San Martin led the independence movement in Argentina and Chile. Jose de San Martin led the independence movement in Argentina and Chile. Argentina – In 1816 Argentina – In 1816 Chile – In 1821 Chile – In 1821

Brazil Pedro I declared Brazil independent in 1822, rather than returning to Portugal to face disgrace. Pedro I declared Brazil independent in 1822, rather than returning to Portugal to face disgrace.

United States Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson Purchased Louisiana Territory Purchased Louisiana Territory For $15 million For $15 million From France From France

Monroe Doctrine President James Monroe Declared the Americas off limits to further European colonization. President James Monroe Declared the Americas off limits to further European colonization.

Manifest Destiny - The God given right to settle land all the way to the Pacific Ocean.

Trail of Tears

Tension and War 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act over the issue of slavery Kansas-Nebraska Act over the issue of slavery. South Carolina secedes from Union, called secession. South Carolina secedes from Union, called secession. Other states followed and they formed the Confederate States of America Other states followed and they formed the Confederate States of America Civil War Civil War Emancipation Proclamation – Declared all slaves free in areas of the Confederacy in Emancipation Proclamation – Declared all slaves free in areas of the Confederacy in 1863.