From DNA to protein Transcription and Translation.

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From DNA to protein Transcription and Translation

A recipe for cookies 1. Copy the recipe from the book (it is your Grandma’s, and you don’t want to get it dirty) 2. Bring the recipe to the kitchen 3. Follow the instructions to put all the ingredients together. 4. You end up with cookies!

Homework Pages 2 & 3 of handout Read 12-3, pages Answer Section Assessment, page 306, Define Vocabulary terms (not due until day of test, can show me earlier)

A recipe for a protein You copy the instructions (DNA) and make another molecule called mRNA ◦ The process of Transcription The mRNA bases match up just like DNA does. ◦ Except: Instead of Thymine, Uracil is used

DNA being transcribed to RNA

Leaving the Nucleus… The RNA can leave the nucleus and go out to the cytoplasm where it will be used to make protein. Ribosome will attach to the mRNA at the site of protein synthesis.

This process is called Translation The process of using mRNA information to assemble a protein. Like translating from one language into another.

1 ) The double helix unzipps. 2) mRNA is transcribed from DNA. Adenine bonds to URACIL (instead of to thymine) 4) Amino acid attached to tRNA 5) Protein (a polymer of amino acids bonded together) Processes of Transcription and Translation 3) Ribosome will attach to the mRNA at the site of protein synthesis.

Now we put the Protein together More RNA, called tRNA carries amino acids (the building blocks for proteins) to the mRNA, and reads the mRNA code.

How would your protein be put together? Every three bases is a codon. The codon matches up with the tRNA anticodon, which codes for a specific amino acid. U C G The anticodon AGC codon

Which amino acid is coded for with the codon AUG? Which amino acid is coded for with the codon UAA? START/methionine STOP Page 303