“Project North American Eagle” Challenging the Land-Speed Record Using EnSight Software for Aerodynamic Design Darren Grove Aerodynamics Engineer Aerodynamics Engineer 11/09/2011 CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan

 Conflict of Interest Statement. Although I am employed by the Boeing company, this project is not sponsored, funded, nor associated with the Boeing Company. My work on this project is outside of Boeing on a consulting bases. 2 CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan 11/09/2011

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CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan KM/H

11/09/2011 CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan mph / 664 km/h Tom Green 622 mph / 1001 km/h Gary Gabelich 576 mph / 927 km/h Art Arfons 633 mph / 1019 km/h Richard Noble 600 mph / 964 km/h Craig Breedlove 739 mph / 1189 km/h Stan Barrett

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10/23/2011  Advanced Technologies Revolutionary Breaking System High Speed Wheel Design Treated Aluminum Capable up to 15,000 RPM Parachute System Deployable up to 700mph CFD Digitize Mesh EnSight 7 CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan 11/09/2011

8 CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan Logistical Technical

9 10/23/2011 VINAS Users Conference Tokyo Japan  A shock wave (also called shock front or simply "shock") is a type of propagating disturbance, characterized by an abrupt, nearly discontinuous change in the characteristics of the medium. Across a shock there is always an extremely rapid rise in pressure, temperature and density of the flow. This phenomena creates addition drag force on the vehicle known as “wave drag”.pressuretemperaturedensity Image source: Wikipedia -

 Transonic shocks product large pressure gradients that can effect the vehicles performance, stability, and control /09/2011 CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan Ground Plane Canard

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12 11/09/2011 CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan Plotter Calculator Query Dataset

13 10/23/2011 VINAS Users Conference Tokyo Japan Lecture 7 - Meshing © André Bakker ( )

 Computer Setup Donated High-End LENOVO C20 Workstations Linked together via a 1GB network switch EnSight, Metacomp CFD ++, CEI EnSight installed 48GB RAM / workstation 2 - Processors (6 cores ) = 12 CPU’s available Windows 7 Professional 64 Bit OS  Limitation Max grid size ~ 12 million cells/workstation due to RAM memory limit, using CFD /09/2011 CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan

15 10/23/2011 VINAS Users Conference Tokyo Japan Mass Flow-Thru Inlet Modeled Powered Exhaust Modeled Ground plane modeled – Inviscid surface tangency

 700 mph (1126 km/h) case using Iso-surfaces and Mach function to extract features 16 11/09/2011 CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan

17 10/23/2011 VINAS Users Conference Tokyo Japan Local pockets of sonic flow Magenta = iso-surfaces of separated flow Flat frontal area Large Drag Producer Flat frontal area Large Drag Producer

10/23/ CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan 11/09/2011  The goal of the project is to make sure the car is safe and capable to meet our mission of breaking the current land speed record.  Many CFD conditions will need to be run and analyzed  PYTHON scripting is used to automate the post-processing analyses to obtain the Force and Moment data and produce Charts, Images, and Tables of useful information.  The goal of the project is to make sure the car is safe and capable to meet our mission of breaking the current land speed record.  Many CFD conditions will need to be run and analyzed  PYTHON scripting is used to automate the post-processing analyses to obtain the Force and Moment data and produce Charts, Images, and Tables of useful information. Forces, Moments, Images, Charts, Tables Solutions Python Scripts Home/.ensight92 Python scripts Home/.ensight92 Python scripts Solutions Folder execute post_csh script reads header.txt reads header.txt Creates “data” Folder Force & Moment Tables “post_images” Folder 3d plots, movies, images Solutions Folder execute post_csh script reads header.txt reads header.txt Creates “data” Folder Force & Moment Tables “post_images” Folder 3d plots, movies, images

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Approximate Solution Run Times  For a 12 million cell grid, half body, about hours/solution (one computer)  For a 24 million cell grid, full model, about 24 hours per solution (2 computers) 22 11/09/2011 CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan NAE – half model# Tets# Pyramids# Prisms# Total cells%  CellsTime (min) Before (Gridgen)22,460, After Recombination (PW)7,018,39665,1545,391,55812,475,

23 11/09/2011 CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan GP effect

9/14/ /09/2011 Conceptual design Today’s Car CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan

 CFD is being used to analyze and optimize the aerodynamics, Stability & Control of the North American Eagle.  CEI EnSight software was chosen for it’s excellent post-processing capability, tool sets, and robustness to analyze complex solutions.  The use of iso-surfaces and particle traces have been used to gain a better understanding the shocks and ground proximity effects.  PYTHON scripting language is being used to automate the post- processing of a large amount of CFD data, leading to a more efficient, productive, and repeatable processes /09/2011 CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan

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Backup Slides 28 11/09/2011 CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan

29 11/09/2011 CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan Time Speed Initial rollout Throttle Up Max Thrust Throttle to Idle Airbrakes Parachute Manual Braking  AccelerationDeceleration

30 11/09/2011 CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan ,0,0 Reference 0,0,0 is located directly below tip of pitot tube on ground plane and at centerline of car Body Location Port #X (in)Y (in)Z (in) Z=36” Z ≈ 48”

11.00 mile Track MOBILE DAQ 1.00 m 2.50 m NTWK TWR 1 NTWK TWR 2 NTWK TWR 3 Ethernet Range Stand-off Distance 5.00 m 7.50 m m WINDMILL CHARGE WINDMILL CHARGE BATTERIES GNSS REF Antenna Shadow North American Eagle Data Acquisition Range Layout

32 11/09/2011 CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan Extruded Anisotropic Tetrahedral Layers

33 11/09/2011 CEI Users Conference Tokyo Japan  Multiple normal's help to refine cells around sharp corners. This helps capture flow field properties that otherwise might be missed when compared to single point normal's that can lead to large, more skewed cells.