© 2015 Cengage Learning Chapter 11 Prisons and Jails

Learning Outcomes LO1: Contrast the Pennsylvania and the New York penitentiary theories of the 1800’s. LO2: List and briefly explain the four types of prisons. LO3: List the factors that have caused the prison population to grow dramatically in the last several decades. © 2015 Cengage Learning

Learning Outcomes LO4: Summarize the distinction between jails and prisons, and indicate the importance of jails in the American correctional system. LO5: Indicate some of the consequences of our high rates of incarceration. © 2015 Cengage Learning

LO1 Contrast the Pennsylvania and the New York penitentiary theories of the 1800’s. © 2015 Cengage Learning

Pennsylvania Wall Street Prison- 1 st penitentiary was opened in a wing of this prison Located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Overcrowding Excessive costs © 2015 Cengage Learning

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania System –Western Penitentiary in Pittsburgh PA –Eastern Penitentiary in Cherry Hill PA –Silence as a virtue –Separate confinement –Transform wrongdoers into honest citizens © 2015 Cengage Learning

Figure 11.1 The Eastern Penitentiary © 2015 Cengage Learning

New York New York System –Newgate Prison overcrowded –Opened Auburn Prison –Obedience –Congregate system –Inmates work together silently –Elmira Reformatory 1876 © 2015 Cengage Learning

Today Prisons in modern society: –Custodial model Incapacitation, deterrence, retribution –Rehabilitation model Individualized treatment –Reintegration model Prepares for existence in communities © 2015 Cengage Learning

Today How are Prisons Managed? –Formal Prison Management Chain of command May lack continuity of purpose –Governing Prison Populations Order Amenities Services AP Photo/Rich Pedroncelli, File © 2015 Cengage Learning

Figure 11.3 Organizational Chart for a Typical Correctional Facility © Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. © 2015 Cengage Learning

LO2 List and briefly explain the four types of prisons. © 2015 Cengage Learning

Prisons What are the Different Types of Prisons? –Maximum-Security Prisons The design (large) Supermax prisons –A controlled environment –Supermax syndrome –Lockdown AP Photo/Matt York © 2015 Cengage Learning

Prisons What are the Different Types of Prisons? –Medium-Security Prisons Prisoners who have committed less serious crimes Offer more educational and training programs Prisoners have more freedom of movement Levels of surveillance are lower © 2015 Cengage Learning

Prisons What are the Different Types of Prisons? –Minimum-Security Prison No armed guards Prisoners allowed TV, computers, freedom of movement Educational and employment opportunities © 2015 Cengage Learning

LO3 List the factors that have caused the prison population to grow dramatically in the last several decades. © 2015 Cengage Learning

Prison Growth What Trends are Driving the American Prison Population? –Factors in prison population growth Penal harm movement Enhancement and stricter enforcement of drug laws Increased probability of incarceration Inmates serving more time for each crime Federal prison growth Rising incarceration rates of women © 2015 Cengage Learning

Figure 11.4 The Inmate Population of the United States © Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. © 2015 Cengage Learning

Prison Growth Decarceration –Decreasing probability that nonviolent offenders will be sentenced to prison –Increasing the rate of release of nonviolent offenders from prison –Decreasing the rate of imprisonment for probation and parole violators © 2015 Cengage Learning

Privatization What are Private Prisons? –Correctional facilities operated by private corporations instead of the government. –Why Privatize? Labor costs Competitive bidding Less red tape © 2015 Cengage Learning

Privatization The Argument Against Private Prisons –Safety concerns –Financial concerns –Philosophical concerns Monica Almeida/New York Times/Redux Pictures © 2015 Cengage Learning

LO4 Summarize the distinction between jails and prisons, and indicate the importance of jails in the American correctional system. © 2015 Cengage Learning

Jails Why are Jails So Important? –The function of jails Holding those convicted of misdemeanors. Receiving individuals pending arraignment and holding them while awaiting trial, conviction, or sentencing. Temporarily detaining juveniles Holding the mentally ill pending transfer to health facilities. © 2015 Cengage Learning

Jails Why are Jails So Important? –The function of jails Detaining probation or parole violators. Housing inmates awaiting transfer to federal or state prisons. Operating community-based corrections programs. © 2015 Cengage Learning

Figure 11.5 Types of Offenses of Prison and Jail Inmates © Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. © 2015 Cengage Learning

Jails Why are Jails So Important? –Pretrial detainees –Sentenced jail inmates –Realities of jail Terms are generally too short to allow the prisoner to gain any benefit from the jail’s treatment facilities. Jails are chronically overcrowded. –Other jail inmates © 2015 Cengage Learning

Jails Jail Administration –The “burden” of jail administration –The challenges of overcrowding Living conditions A new trend? Photo courtesy Bergen County Sheriff’s Office, Bergen, NJ © 2015 Cengage Learning

CAREERPREP Deputy Sheriff/Jail Division Job Description: Be responsible for supervising jail inmates by ensuring that order, discipline, safety, and security are maintained. Transport or escort inmates and defendants from jail to courtrooms, attorneys’ offices, or medical facilities. What Kind of Training Is Required? Depending on the jurisdiction, possession of a high school diploma or bachelor’s degree, as well as successful completion of written and physical examinations, training, and a probationary period. Some states require completion of a “jail academy” training course of up to sixteen weeks including field training. Annual Salary Range? $44,000–$55,000 For additional information, visit: Kaupo Kikkas/iStockphoto.com © 2015 Cengage Learning

LO5 Indicate some of the consequences of our high rates of incarceration. © 2015 Cengage Learning

Jails Jail Administration –Positive consequences Drop in the crime rate –Negative consequences Social consequences for families and communities Disenfranchisement of inmates who lose their right to vote. Suzanne DeChillo/New York Times/Redux © 2015 Cengage Learning