NAPPO 2008 THE 32nd ANNUAL MEETING U.S. REPORT GUADALAJARA, MEXICO OCTOBER 2008

NAPPO SCIENTIFC KNOWLEDGE AND INNOVATION MUST BE ENHANCED --AS THE STRONGEST REGIONAL PLANT PROTECTION ORGANIZATION – NAPPO - PROVIDES ONE OF THE VERY BEST OPPORTUNITIES TO PREVENT THE INTRODUCTION OF PLANT PESTS AND DISEASES INTO NORTH AMERICA

RALSTONIA GOLDEN NEMATODE ASIAN GYPSY MOTH FALSE CODLING MOTH CACTOBLASTIS SOYBEAN RUST SIREX NOCTILIO PLUM POX POTATO CYST NEMATODE ASIAN LONGHORNED BEETLE CITRUS CANKER CITRUS GREENING ASIAN CITRUS PSYLID EMERALD ASH BORER PHYTOPHTHORA RAMORUM 2008 Panicle Rice Mite LIGHT BROWN APPLE MOTH GLASSYWING SHARPSHOOTER GLADIOLUS RUST BEE COLONY COLLAPSE CHRYSANTHEMUM WHITE RUST UG 99 MEDFLY MEXFLY ORIENTAL FF EUROPEAN GYPSY MOTH RED PALM MITE

WHAT IS CLEARLY ILLUSTRATED BY THIS MAP? -- NAPPO COUNTRIES - CANADA, MEXICO and THE UNITES STATES FACE AN EVER INCREASING THREAT FROM INVASIVE PESTS AND DISEASES --AGRICULTURE AND ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES ARE EQUALLY AT RISK --CURRENT DETECTION, CONTROL AND ERADICATION TECHNIQUES ARE NOT KEEPING PACE

PLANT PESTS EUROPEAN GYPSY MOTH ASIAN GYPSY MOTH GOLDEN NEMATODE GLADIOLUS RUST SOYBEAN RUST GLASSYWING SHARPSHOOTER PANICLE RICE MITE RALSTONIA

PLANT PESTS MEDFLY MEXFLY ORIENTAL FRUIT FLY ASIAN LONGHORN BEETLE POTATO CYST NEMATODE PLUM POX RED PALM MITE SIREX NOCTILIO UG-99 PHYTOPHTHORA RAMORUM CHRYSANTHEMUM WHITE RUST

PLANT PESTS CITRUS CANKER CITRUS GREENING ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLID EMERALD ASH BORER BEE COLONY COLLAPSE FALSE CODLING MOTH LIGHT BROWN APPLE MOTH

Tephritid Fruit Flies Mexican Fruit Fly Anastrepha ludens Oriental Fruit Fly Bactrocera dorsalis Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata Melonfly Bactrocera cucurbitae

Exotic Fruit Fly Programs

EXOTIC FRUIT FLY PREVENTION/ERADICATION EARLY DETECTION –Effective Trapping at Protocol Levels –Effective Traps/Lures – Pheromones –Effective Trap Checking Procedures

EXOTIC FRUIT FLY PREVENTION/ERADICATION PREVENTION –Evaluation of Risk Pathways –Viable Port of Entry, Predeparture and Commodity Preclearance Inspections –Utilization of Sterile Preventive Release Programs

EXOTIC FRUIT FLY PREVENTION/ERADICATION ERADICATION –Readily Available, Effective, Safe and Acceptable Chemicals –Perfected Sterile Fruit Fly Technology –Adequate and Reliable Production Source of Steriles

Soybean Rust

SOYBEAN RUST SUCCESS THROUGH SCIENTIFIC AND OPERATIONAL PLANNING NO PANIC RESOURCES NOT WASTED COOPERATION WITH THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, STATES AND INDUSTRY = MINIMAL LOSSES AND COSTS

Glassy-winged Sharpshooter Egg mass Nymph Adult & egg mass Adults feeding Underside view

Temecula, California

Plum Pox

PLUM POX Continued progress toward total eradication in Central Pennsylvania and Michigan No New 2008 detections in either location Increased emphasis on total eradication in upstate New York 10 confirmed peach trees in 6 orchard blocks on 5 different farms in 3 counties in New York Removal of infected/exposed blocks Continued emphasis on national detection survey

Cactoblastis

CACTOBLASTIS Cooperative program between Mexico (Sagarpa) and the United States (APHIS-PPQ/ARS) Mexico declared eradication on Isla Mujeres on September 15, 2008 and expects to declare eradication for all of Mexico in February of 2009 Program funding available for 2009

Potato Cyst Nematode

POTATO CYST NEMATODE Detected in Idaho – April 2006 Confined to a small area (8 fields) in SE Idaho Eradication began in Idaho in 2007, 2008, and will continue 2009 Increased fumigations of Golden Nematode in R02 fields – Upstate New York U.S. and Canada continue to conduct National PCN Surveys U.S and Canada continue to harmonize safeguarding measures

Phytophthora ramorum

PHYTOPHTHORA RAMORUM Overall Threat, Impact, and Response Still Under Investigation and Review

SIREX NOCTILIO

RELEASE OF EFFECTIVE BICONTROL AGENTS APPEARS TO BE THE ONLY VIABLE RESPONSE

Asian Longhorned Beetle

ASIAN LONGHORNED BEETLE Illinois was eradicated in January 2008 Continued progress in New Jersey –No adult ALB’s trapped in 2008 Fewer Detections in New York –No adult ALB’s trapped in 2008 Major outbreak detected August 2008 Worcester, Massachusetts Outbreak/Infestation-7 to 9 years Effective Public/Industry outreach is critical

Asian Gypsy Moth

ASIAN GYPSY MOTH Increasing Commodity Trade via Ocean Vessels = an ever growing risk of infestation in North America Growing concern for successfully preventing AGM introductions Increased detections on ships and shipping containers – U.S. Canadian West Coast U.S. denied berthing entry of 15 ships so far in 2008

ASIAN GYPSY MOTH Protocol agreements for port trapping, ship inspection/cleaning and ship reporting/certification signed with China, Japan, Russia and South Korea in 2008 First attempt by NAPPO to implement a regional, North American standard for preventing a pest introduction

BEE COLONY COLLAPSE

WE SIMPLY DON’T KNOW

Citrus canker lesions Lesions on leaves with yellow halo Watery margins and corky centers Multiple lesions on grapefruit

CITRUS CANKER REMAINS A SERIOUS DEBILITATING AND EXTREMELY EXPENSIVE DIEASE ISSUE FOR THE FLORIDA CITRUS INDUSTRY HAS NOT SPREAD TO OTHER CITRUS PRODUCING STATES

LIGHT BROWN APPLE MOTH

Detected in 12 counties in California Controversy surrounding the use of any chemical control even organic pheromone compounds Goal of Eradication because of LBAM’s vast host range

THE DEVIL DRESSED IN GREEN CITRUS GREENING EMERALD ASH BORER

Emerald Ash Borer

EMERALD ASH BORER Continuously, constantly spreading Economic and Ecological losses comparable to Dutch Elm Disease and American Chestnut Blight NOT winning the battle EAB now confirmed in 10 states Must significantly enhance research in order to discover and test new control and/or eradication tools Utilization of effective biological control agents appears to be the best hope for “slow the spread control”

CITRUS GREENING THE WORST OF THE WORST! Continues to spread in Florida Confirmed in Louisiana – 2008 Disease vectored by the Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP) ACP confirmed in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas and Southern San Diego County California and South Carolina, Guam, Hawaii and Puerto Rico Partnering with Mexico on ACP detection survey Basically impossible to control the disease and damage can potentially destroy the entire North American Citrus Industry

Citrus Greening and Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP)

Asian Citrus Psyllid Insect Vector of Citrus Greening Damage & waxy Secretions Adult Nymph

Blotchy-mottle yellowing of leaves Citrus greening symptoms appearing in tree & foliage Severe leaf drop, dieback, unequal distribution of yellow foliage

Smaller lop-sized, discolored fruits with bitter taste Citrus greening symptoms associated with Citrus fruits

FOR Continued Streamlining of Quarantine 56 (Fruits/Vegetable) Importations and Quarantine 37 (Propagative Material) Importations Expansion of the “Clean Health Plant Network System” Notable increases throughout the world on utilizing irradiation instead of fumigation as an effective quarantine treatment U.S. Plant Health and Quarantine programs resourced at 2008 levels significant reductions not anticipated

Commodity Credit Corporation Funding ProgramFY 2007FY 2008Total Emerald Ash Borer 11,300,0000 Light Brown Apple Moth 15,292,71369,538,61084,831,323 Potato Cyst Nematode 11,089,1650 FY TOTAL37,681,87869,538,610107,220,488

Continuing Resolution On September 30, 2008, the President signed HJ 2638 Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act, The 2009 Continuing Resolution, which funds programs at the FY 2008 enacted level through March 6, 2009.