Agricultural pollution in Ukraine (Azov-Black Sea Region ) The World Bank.

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Presentation transcript:

Agricultural pollution in Ukraine (Azov-Black Sea Region ) The World Bank

Land Stock

Agricultural Lands in Ukraine, % (1)

Agricultural Lands in Ukraine, % (2)

Main sources of agricultural pollution Tillage of slopes; Obsolete technology of application of chemicals and organic fertilizers; Manure management.

Soil loss and associated water pollution (1) annual humus loss amounts from 0.6 to 1 t/ha* 80 ml. tones of soil with the content of 120 th. tons of nitrogen and 80 th. tons of phosphorous is being washed out annually. On the slopes 20 % of nitrogen, 2- 5 % of phosphorous and % potassium are dashed out of fertilizers. Data of Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences

Degradation of soil

Pesticides 13,5 th. tons of pesticides were applied on 12,9 mln. ha in 2000 * Application was 8 times less in terms of volume and 2.2 times less in terms of the area where fertillizers were applied in comparison with 1990 level. Share of pesticides per 1 ha of agricultural lands equaled 0,4 kg (2000) what is 2.8 less than was applied in the 1990 *according to Ministry of Agrarian Policy

Application of mineral fertilizers (1)

Application of mineral fertilizers (2)

Application of organic fertilizers

Application of mineral fertilizers in Azov-Black Sea Region (th. tons)

Application of organic fertilizers in Azov- Black Sea Region (thousand tons)

Recommendations in nutrient management Ban on tillage of river banks, slopes; Afforestation and meadow creation in order to prevent water and wind erosion; Meeting necessary requirements in application of fertilizers in terms of volumes, technology and timing of application : Sowing and crop rotation practices to reduce water erosion and NPK migration upon soil; Sound management of discharge waters from cattle breeding farms; Careful manure management in the neighborhood of water bodies; Awareness raising among farmers regarding environmental issues and environmentally sound agricultural technologies

Azov Black Sea Corridor Biodiversity Conservation Project – Agricultural Component (1) Improvements in crop and soil management through: conservation tillage and contour tillage practices; Improvement of manure management; maximizing duration of soil coverage by crops, through increased use of winter crops, leaving stubble fields unplowed until spring and establishing perennial pastures and hay meadows; Implementation of nutrient management plans ; promoting natural species diversification and higher levels of agricultural biodiversity; and selection of pasture species to improve soil coverage and drought resistance.

Azov Black Sea Corridor Biodiversity Conservation Project – Agricultural Component (2) Improvement in landscape and habitat management by: restoring biodiversity in degraded and unproductive agricultural areas through natural recovery (e.g., by reducing or eliminating grazing pressure on unplowed steppe); improving the management of tree shelter belts to reduce wind erosion and maintain landscape and species diversity; creating no-till buffer strips along watercourses to reduce water erosion and water pollution; creating artificial wetlands/reedbeds for wildlife and where eutrophying solutes can degrade before discharge to stream courses and the Black Sea. reducing tillage on slopes in excess of 5 degrees;