Barriers to Participation Disability Social Class Ethnic Minorities Women in sport

The absence of discrimination, based on race, colour, age, gender, disability etc. Treating one group differently/ unfairly to another, due to their race, colour, age, gender, disability etc. Generalising a person/group based upon a conventional and oversimplified image. Including all people in an activity, regardless of race, colour, age, gender, disability etc. A negative judgment or opinion formed before experience or knowledge of the facts

What problems do disabled people face when participating in sport? NATURE OF THE SPORT FACILITIES and EQUIPMENT TRAINING and COACHING STAFF LIMITED NUMBER OF COMPETITIONS AND EVENTS

Which NGB’s have been formed especially to meet disabled performers’ needs? Disability Sport England (DSE) British Paralympic Association (BPA) The British Amputee Sports Association The UK Sports Association for People with Mental Handicap Cerebral Palsy Sport The British Les Autres Sports Association

What do these organisations aim to achieve? Improve awareness of disabled people in sport. Provide more opportunities for disabled people to become more active in sport. Educate the public about disabled people and their capabilities. Improve the image of disabled sport. Promote the advantages of sport to disabled people.

Question. Should disabled sports people be segregated from or included into sports for able bodied athletes? 6 marks YES – included It has the ability to educate able- bodied athletes about disabled athletes – and vice versa. It highlights the fact that society is a mixture of people – so there is no reason why sport shouldn’t be. It allows equality for every individual. NO – included Lack of sufficiently qualified teachers/coaches in schools/sports centres. Insufficient specialised equipment/facilities in schools/sports centres. Some teachers find inclusive P.E. very demanding. May highlight differences between able-bodied and disabled individuals and thus cause more damage than good.

Question. Should disabled sports people be segregated from or included into sports for able bodied athletes? 6 marks Yes - segregation Cater for specific and individual needs. Allow disabled athletes to socialise with people in the same/similar situations. Coaches/teachers can focus on specific needs – this may assist athletes in achieving excellence. Higher likelihood of specialised equipment being available. NO segregation Social opportunities with able- bodied people are minimised – this may actually be detrimental to a disabled person’s integration into society. Disabilities may be categorised – when in fact every disability is different. May ‘over-protect’ disabled individuals.

Social Class Upper class sport – expensive, time consuming, renting or buying facilities or equipment. Middle class sport – amateur values, rational recreation, clubs. Lower class sport – little equipment, free to do.

Social class Classes are divided by A)free time available to train/compete B) money available to pay for the sport. Class system still exists. Lower class is being helped through sponsorship, NGB programmes, school awareness.

Ethnic Minorities RACISM – suggestion that one group is superior to another STEREOTYPING – suggestions of categorisation, all one group have specific qualities. RACIAL DISCRIMINATION – suggestions that certain classes cant take part in some sports.

STACKING – ethnic groups are pushed towards certain sports/positions due to prejudices about ability/skill. ROLE MODELS – sports with black role models will attract more black athletes. Ethnic Minorities

Helping Ethnic Minorities Anti-Racism campaigns Media Coverage Education in schools Discrimination policies

Women in sport Poor Media Coverage Poor Sponsorship Participation Of Peers Considered “Unfeminine” By society Role of Housewife Seen as “The Weaker Sex”

Barriers for Women in Sport Male dominated Lack of media coverage Fewer Role models Historical influences Societal prejudices and pressures Anatomy and physiology Stereotyping in schools

Barriers for Women in Sport Fewer competitions Less prize money Less professional sport opportunities Lower status Less female coaches Less females managers Some NGBs still disregard women

Who can help? ?