1 Emergency and Disaster Response to Chemical Releases Introduction to Technician Level Training Module 1

2 Overview  Impart knowledge and skills necessary to ensure safety of response personnel when taking action to contain and control releases of hazardous materials as well as response to disaster events.  Training will aid employers in compliance with state and federal regulations applicable to spill and disaster response cleanup.

3 Terminal Learning Objective  Participant will be able to discuss the need for a coordinated response to releases of hazardous substances based upon their employer's plans and OSHA regulations.

4 Enabling Objectives  Identify hazardous substances.  Differentiate between an incidental release, an operations level spill, and a hazardous materials release.  List the ten steps for a safe response to chemical spills.  Describe the basic operating procedures for a spill response team.

5 Introduction  We must prepare for terrorist attacks and disaster events.  Responders must review their preparedness efforts and response capabilities to all types of disaster incidents.  All disaster events begin at local level regardless of cause.

6 Types of Disasters  Natural  Accidental  Terrorist International Domestic Disgruntled workers Hate groups Cult groups

7 HAZWOPER  Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Title 29 CFR  Provides responder protection during emergency response cleanup operations.

8 OSHA  In the occurrence of a disaster or terrorist incident, similar to 11 September 01, and the Katrina and Rita hurricanes of 2005, OSHA will serve in a technical/advisory capacity.  Revert to their enforcement capacity when event changes from crisis management to consequence management.

9 Workplace Emergencies  Can happen at any time.  Should prepare for them.  Hard to think clearly during an emergency.  Essential to plan your response.  Available industrial chemicals can and have been used as disaster event initiators.

10 Workplace Emergencies  Considerations at all levels of response operations are similar in regards to: Ensuring personal safety. Ensuring safety of other responders. Initiating defensive control techniques.

11 Toxic Industrial Chemicals (TICs)  Hazardous chemicals, hazardous materials, or hazardous substances have been used for many purposes in homes, business, and industry.  With the added threat of terrorist activity utilizing these materials as CBRNE agents, the potential for human exposure is greater.

12 Types of TICs uEye, skin, and respiratory irritants (acids, ammonia, acrylates, chlorine, hydrogen sulfide). u Industrial flammable liquids (acetone, alkenes, alkyl halides, and amines). u Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene etc.). u Oxidizers for improvised explosives (oxygen, butadiene, and peroxides). uAniline and cyanide compounds. uCompressed hydrocarbon fuel (liquefied natural gas, propane, and isobutane). uLiquid hydrocarbon fuels (gasoline and jet fuel). uOrganophosphate pesticides that could be used as low- grade nerve agents.

13 Sources of TICs  Chemical manufacturing plants.  Food processing and storage facilities.  Gasoline and jet fuel storage tanks at distribution centers, airports, and barge terminals.  Gold mines where cyanide and mercury compounds are used.  Pesticide manufacturing and supply distributors.  Educational, medical, and research laboratories.

14 Hazardous Substances  A hazardous substance is any chemical or waste product designated as hazardous by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Department of Transportation (DOT) or OSHA.

15 Incidental Release  Hazardous substance releases limited in quantity and pose no emergency or significant threat to the safety and health of employees.  Incidents that can be handled within the work area by the employee with training and the proper PPE and equipment.

16 Operations Level Release  Spills exceeding the department's clean-up capacity.  Significantly large but not life- threatening.  Response is containment and clean-up only.

17 Technician Level Response  Incidents requiring response of HAZMAT team to perform aggressive control techniques.  Response personnel may come into direct contact with the hazardous material.  Response is restricted to the limitations of their personal protective equipment (PPE).

18 Technician Team Skills  Know how to implement the employer’s emergency response plan.  Know the classification, identification, and verification of known and unknown materials by using field survey instruments and equipment.  Able to function within an assigned role in the Incident Command System.

19 Technician Team Skills  Know how to select and use personal protective equipment (PPE) provided by the employer.  Understand hazard and risk assessment techniques.  Able to perform basic control, containment or confinement operations within capabilities of the resources and protective equipment available.

20 Technician Team Skills  Able to implement decontamination procedures.  Understand termination procedures.  Understand basic chemical and toxicological terminology and behavior.

21 Emergency Response Plan  The purpose of a spill control plan is to provide organized direction for managing a hazardous materials incident and to support a safe response, minimizing hazards to human health or the environment.

22 10 Steps to a Safe Response 1.Clear the area & check for injuries. 2.Report the incident; request help. 3.Secure the area. 4.Identify the material released. 5.Identify the hazards. 6.Select the proper equipment. 7.Develop a response plan. 8.Contain & control the release. 9.Clean up the release. 10.Decon personnel and equipment.

23 Clear the Area and Check for Injuries

24 Report the Incident; Request Help

25 Secure the Area

26 Identify the Material Released DOT ID CAS number

27 Identify the Hazards

28 Select the Proper Equipment

29 Develop a Response Plan

30 Contain and Control the Release

31 Clean Up the Release

32 Decon Personnel and Equipment

33 Reporting  CBRNE events to local law enforcement.  Spills or unpermitted releases of TICs and TIMs in significant quantities require notification to federal, state, and local authorities.

34 Buddy System  Two in; two out

35 IDLH  “Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health” refers to an atmospheric concentration of any toxic, corrosive, or asphyxiate substance that poses an immediate threat to life or would cause irreversible or delayed adverse health effects or would interfere with an individual’s ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere.

36 Emergency Response Procedures  Initiate the Incident Command System.  Establish an Incident Command Post.  Identify all hazardous substances or conditions present.  Designate a safety official who knows the operations.

37 Emergency Response Procedures  Ensure personal protective equipment is used and appropriate for hazards.  Employees will defer to local fire department or HAZMAT team if an unknown or identified respiratory hazard is present and SCBA is not available.

38 Emergency Response Procedures  Establish Exclusion Zone, CRZ, and Support Zone.  Establish the Decon Corridor.  Limit number of emergency response personnel in spill area.  Operations in hazardous areas shall be performed using the buddy system in groups of two or more.

39 Emergency Response Procedures  Back-up and advanced first aid support personnel shall stand by.  Attempt to limit actions to defensive actions.  An IDLH condition? Safety official shall have authority to alter, suspend, or terminate those activities.  Implement appropriate decontamination procedures during and after emergency.