Alan Brinkley, American History 14/e Chapter 21: America and the Great War

Highlights The “Big Stick”: America and the World, The “Big Stick”: America and the World, The Road to War The Road to War “War Without Stint” “War Without Stint” The War and American Society The War and American Society The Futile Search for Social Unity The Futile Search for Social Unity The Search for a New World Order The Search for a New World Order A Society in Turmoil A Society in Turmoil © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 2

The “Big Stick”: America and the World, Roosevelt and “Civilization” Roosevelt and “Civilization” –Racial and Economic Basis of Roosevelt’s Diplomacy Protecting the “Open Door” in Asia Protecting the “Open Door” in Asia –“Great White Fleet” © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 3

4 The United States and Latin America, The “Big Stick”: America and the World,

The Iron-Fisted Neighbor The Iron-Fisted Neighbor –“Roosevelt Corollary” –Platt Amendment The Panama Canal The Panama Canal –Panamanian Revolt © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 5

The “Big Stick”: America and the World, Taft and “Dollar Diplomacy” Taft and “Dollar Diplomacy” –Intervention in Nicaragua Diplomacy and Morality Diplomacy and Morality –Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy –Veracruz –Intervention in Mexico © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 6 Woodrow Wilson (Library of Congress)

The Road to War The Collapse of the European Peace The Collapse of the European Peace –Competing Alliances © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7 Promoting the war in Australia (Private Collection)

The Road to War Wilson’s Neutrality Wilson’s Neutrality –Economic Ties to Britain –Lusitania © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 8 The Lusitania in New York City (Library of Congress)

The Road to War Preparedness versus Pacifism Preparedness versus Pacifism –1916 Election © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 9 Election of 1916

The Road to War A War for Democracy A War for Democracy –Zimmermann Telegram © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 10 Woodrow Wilson (Library of Congress)

“War Without Stint” –Stalemate Entering the War Entering the War –Russian Revolution The American Expeditionary Force The American Expeditionary Force –Selective Service Act –African American Soldiers © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 11 WWI recruiting poster by James Montgomery Flagg (NARA)

“War Without Stint” The Military Struggle The Military Struggle –General John Pershing –Château-Thierry –Meuse-Argonne Offensive © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 12

“War Without Stint” The New Technology of Warfare The New Technology of Warfare –High Casualty Rates © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 13 WWI soldiers using a machine gun

“War Without Stint” © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 14 America in World War I: The Western Front, 1918

The War and American Society Organizing the Economy for War Organizing the Economy for War –Financing the War –War Industries Board –Lessons of the Managed Economy © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 15 Selling Liberty Bonds (NARA)

The War and American Society Labor and the War Labor and the War –Ludlow Massacre Economic and Social Results of the War Economic and Social Results of the War –“Great Migration” –Race Riots © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 16 True Sons of Freedom (Library of Congress)

The War and American Society © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 17 Women industrial workers (NARA)

The Futile Search for Social Unity The Peace Movement The Peace Movement –Woman’s Peace Party –Maternal Opposition to War © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 18

The Futile Search for Social Unity Selling the War and Suppressing Dissent Selling the War and Suppressing Dissent –CPI –Espionage Act –Sedition Act –Repressing Dissent –“100 Percent Americanism” © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 19 A warning (Library of Congress)

The Search for a New World Order The Fourteen Points The Fourteen Points –Wilson’s Idealistic Vision –Lenin’s Challenge Early Obstacles Early Obstacles –Allied Intransigence © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 20

The Search for a New World Order The Paris Peace Conference The Paris Peace Conference –The Big Four –Wilson’s Retreat –Reparations –League of Nations © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 21

The Search for a New World Order The Ratification Battle The Ratification Battle –Wilson’s Intransigence –Henry Cabot Lodge Wilson’s Ordeal Wilson’s Ordeal –League Membership Rejected © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 22

A Society in Turmoil –New Social Environment Industry and Labor Industry and Labor –Postwar Recession –Boston Police Strike –Steelworkers’ Strike Defeated © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 23 Union Membership,

A Society in Turmoil The Demands of African Americans The Demands of African Americans –New Black Attitudes –Chicago Race Riots –Marcus Garvey’s Black Nationalism © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 24

A Society in Turmoil © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 25 African American Migration,

A Society in Turmoil The Red Scare The Red Scare –Popular Antiradicalism –Palmer Raids –Sacco and Vanzetti © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 26

A Society in Turmoil Refuting the Red Scare Refuting the Red Scare The Retreat from Idealism The Retreat from Idealism –Return to “Normalcy” © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 27