Industrial Revolution Part I

The Rise of Industry Industrialism : a system based on the use of machines rather than on animal or human power

Industrialism Started in Great Britain during the 1700sStarted in Great Britain during the 1700s Spread around rest of the world over the next 200 yearsSpread around rest of the world over the next 200 years Caused great changes-called theCaused great changes-called the Industrial Revolution

Seeds for Industry Agricultural Revolution: sweeping changes in farming helped industry take root in Great Britain Began with the enclosure movement – –Allowed farmers to fence off common lands – –Previously, they rented small strips of land to families. Now they could combine the strips

Agricultural Revolution Landowners did one of two thingsLandowners did one of two things 1.Plant large areas with a single crop that produced bigger profits. 2.Turn land into pastures to graze sheep and use the wool to make textiles….woven cloth

Other changes that led to the Agricultural Revolution Knowledge of crop rotation: kept soil fertile and more crops could be grownKnowledge of crop rotation: kept soil fertile and more crops could be grown Invention of seed drill by Jethro Tull. This allowed farmers to plant rows of seeds rather than scattering themInvention of seed drill by Jethro Tull. This allowed farmers to plant rows of seeds rather than scattering them Breeding of stronger horses for farm work and fatter sheep and cattle for meatBreeding of stronger horses for farm work and fatter sheep and cattle for meat

Crop Rotation

Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill TeachersFirst Copyright © 2001 by the Network for Instructional TV, Inc. All rights reserved.

Capital and Labor Changes in farming favorable for industryChanges in farming favorable for industry Now had raw materials to create goodsNow had raw materials to create goods Landowners had more $$ to investLandowners had more $$ to invest Many landowners and merchants invested $$ in manufacturing/businessMany landowners and merchants invested $$ in manufacturing/business

Other Effects Peasants forced off land by enclosure movementPeasants forced off land by enclosure movement Where do you think they went?Where do you think they went? Increase of number of people in the city created a larger labor supplyIncrease of number of people in the city created a larger labor supply Improved farming methods created more foodImproved farming methods created more food People able to live longer, healthier livesPeople able to live longer, healthier lives

Capital and Labor

Natural Resources and Markets Great Britain was rich in natural resourcesGreat Britain was rich in natural resources Rivers-powered the earliest machinesRivers-powered the earliest machines Provided transportationProvided transportation Coal: used instead of wood to fuel machinesCoal: used instead of wood to fuel machines Iron: used to build machines and make steelIron: used to build machines and make steel England had the perfect conditions to sell manufactured goodsEngland had the perfect conditions to sell manufactured goods

Iron and Coal

Inventions Machines 1 st showed up in textiles Previously worked in the cottage industry (see page 115)

From a Domestic System to a Factory System Previously used hand powered spinning wheels and loomsPreviously used hand powered spinning wheels and looms Inventors developed ways to spin faster and to run machines with waterpowerInventors developed ways to spin faster and to run machines with waterpower With the invention of coal powered machines, factories could be built anywhereWith the invention of coal powered machines, factories could be built anywhere

Britain Britain was considered the “workshop of the world”Britain was considered the “workshop of the world” Produced ½ of world’s coal and manufactured goodsProduced ½ of world’s coal and manufactured goods Wanted a monopoly on industryWanted a monopoly on industry Competition with United States, Germany, and AsiaCompetition with United States, Germany, and Asia

Impact of Industrialism

Growth of Cities Cities became the home of industryCities became the home of industry Smokestacks above the skylineSmokestacks above the skyline Coal-powered factories and steel- making plantsCoal-powered factories and steel- making plants (pages )(pages )

Industrial Capitalism Based on the production of goodsBased on the production of goods Created a new middle classCreated a new middle class Many people began to form partnerships (involving two or more entrepreneurs)Many people began to form partnerships (involving two or more entrepreneurs) Also formed corporations: organizations owned by stockholders who buy shares of a companyAlso formed corporations: organizations owned by stockholders who buy shares of a company

Working Class People worked for wages: a set pay per dayPeople worked for wages: a set pay per day 16 hrs/day, 6 days/week16 hrs/day, 6 days/week Men, women, and children worked in dangerous millsMen, women, and children worked in dangerous mills Workers could earn more $ in factories than farmsWorkers could earn more $ in factories than farms

Trade Unions Factory workers wanted to fight back against harsh working conditionsFactory workers wanted to fight back against harsh working conditions Formed trade unions: an association of workers with the same skill who unite to improve wages, benefits, working conditions, and worker rightsFormed trade unions: an association of workers with the same skill who unite to improve wages, benefits, working conditions, and worker rights Strikes: the refusal to work in order to force factory owners to talk to themStrikes: the refusal to work in order to force factory owners to talk to them

Development of Socialism People began to question capitalismPeople began to question capitalism Factory workers miserable (pages )Factory workers miserable (pages ) Socialism: belief that society should own and control the means of productionSocialism: belief that society should own and control the means of production Felt that competition was hurting societyFelt that competition was hurting society

The End S

Bell Work Questions 12/05/14What conditions helped the Industrial Revolution to take root in Great Britain? How did the factory system bring changes to the making of textiles or cloth?How did the factory system bring changes to the making of textiles or cloth? How did socialism and industrial capitalism differ?How did socialism and industrial capitalism differ?

Bell Work 12/02/14 How did the Agricultural Revolution help cause the Industrial Revolution?