Migration

 Who is more culpable, the illegal migrant or the person or company who hires her/him? Is the real issue undocumented immigration or illegal employment?  Is it OK for Americans to purchase products made overseas with cheap labor? Is this any different than allowing low-cost labor to immigrate to the U.S.? How? Is there an ethical choice involved in this question?

 Is building walls an appropriate response to illegal immigration?  What would it be like to move to a country and not speak the language?  Would you leave your family to work in another country so you could support them, in order for them to have a better life?

 What are the costs of migration? What is the cost in terms of lives lost?  How does society measure the risks and benefits of migration?  Can these risks and benefits be measured?  Do nations have an ethical obligation to do the least harm to migrants when establishing and enforcing immigration laws?

Original Migration of early Humans 

My Daily Circulation  Drive from Pottstown  Cubicle  D 14  D 3  D 8  E13  Cubicle  F 8  D3  Cubicle  Drive back to Pottstown The Gallant Steed!! Mobility!

Why Do People Migrate?  I don’t know, lets ask our good friend Ravenstein CAW CAW!!!

Ravenstein’s ‘Laws’ of Migration  Outline of 11 Laws of Migration  3 Groups 1.Reasons for Migrating 2.Distance 3.Characteristics of Migrants

1. Reasons for Migrating  Push Factors  Induces people to move out of present country  Pull Factors  Induces people to move into a new location

Reasons for Migrating  Economic  Cultural  Environmental  Intervening Obstacles  Environmental or Cultural feature that hinders migration

Cultural Migration Example Berlin Wall

Partition of India Cultural Migration

Environmental Migration Examples Dust Bowl Chernobyl Hurricane Katrina

Flooding from Heavy Rain in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Yellow- Desertification Pink – Hurricanes Blue – Delta’s subject to extreme weather

Severe Drought in Syria “he once had 400 acres of wheat, and now it’s all desert. We were forced to flee. Now we are at less than zero — no money, no job, no hope”

Refugee (Don’t copy this down)  People who have been forced to migrate from their homes and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion

2. Distance  Internal (shorter distances)  1. IntrA regional vs 2. IntEr regional  1. Movement within one region  2.Movement from one region of a country to another  Interregional is typically from rural to urban  Intraregional is typically from urban to suburb

Distance (the True path of the Track Team)  International (typically less numerous)  Voluntary  Forced  Economic – Voluntary  Not directly forced to move  Cultural - Forced

Our Friend, The DTM. Zelinsky’s Migration Transition  Stage 1: Seasonal mobility to search for food  Stage 2: International migration becomes important  Draw from rural/farms areas to urban/industry  Due to change in Technology  Stage 3 and 4: Countries in this stage are destination of international travel.  Intraregional migration within: from cities to suburbs  (Like Phoenixville!)

3. Characteristics of Migrants  Gender  Typically Males in long distance migration  This trend is changing in modern USA  Age  Young, Typically  Increasing number of children  Adults rather than families or children

Key Issue 4 Why do People Migrate Within a Country?

Between Regions in a Country (Interregional)  Broadly – In the past: To less populated areas, more farmland - Currently: From rural to urban (where jobs are)  In large countries, sometimes interregional migration is forced by the government  Ex: Soviet Unions forced migration of young workers to parts of Siberia

Migration within One Region (Intraregional)  Most common type of migration  Typically Rural to Urban  Started b/c of Industrial Rev.  % lived in cities %  Pushed by low jobs in agriculture, pulled by lure of jobs in industry  From Urban to Suburban  Move because of lifestyle, not economic/jobs  Allow for commuting to work  Counterurbanization- late 1900s, net migration to rural  Move for lifestyle reasons, to avoid the fast pace of life in cities  Tech. means no where is really ‘isolated’  The future? Unpredictable w/in MDCs

Key Issue 3 Why Do Migrants Face Obstacles?

Obstacles  Traditionally it was primarily environmental  (think colonization of Americas)  Currently, obstacles are much more cultural

Policies  2 Main Policies:  1. Quotas: Max limit on # of immigrants  675,000 total, no more than 7% per country  Preferences: Reuniting Families, skilled workers  Typical wait for a spouse to gain entry is 5 YEARS  Does NOT apply to refugees  Brain Drain: large-scale emigration by talented people  Hurts the country they are leaving.

 Chain Migration: Immigration seeking destinations where family members or cultural groups are.

Policies  2. Guest Workers: Permits for foreign workers. They don’t stay permanently  Typically do undesirable jobs  Helps the foreign country: Less unemployment + money creates stimulus  Most Guest workers in Europe come from: N. Africa, Middle East, East Europe, Asia

Cultural Challenges  USA- Typically/historically have viewed immigrants with suspicion/unwelcoming. (Even European immigration) - Many Europeans dislike Guest Workers  -Guest Workers have a hard time coping with life in their ‘host’ country. 

Refugees- The Lost Boys  d-grew-tired-of-us-the-lost-boys-of-sudan/?ar_a=1 d-grew-tired-of-us-the-lost-boys-of-sudan/?ar_a=1  ltural-identity-lost-boys/?ar_a=1 ltural-identity-lost-boys/?ar_a=1

Lost Boys Reflection Questions  What are some of the challenges the Lost Boys encounter?  How did the Lost Boys adapt to US culture?  What are some community building strategies the Lost Boys implemented?  What sense of responsibility do the Lost Boys feel towards their families both in the US and still in Africa?

Connections to class terms  Reason for Lost Boys’ migration?  Distance?Characteristics?  Intervening obstacles?  Cultural Challenges?