Africa & the Age of the Atlantic Slave Trade Chapter 20

The Atlantic Slave Trade Formation of the Trade First contact based on mutually beneficial trade of goods –Factories Portugal established pattern mirrored by other Europeans

Expanding the Trade Sugar = impetus for expansion –First, Atlantic islands (Canary Islands) –Brazil, Caribbean 1700s great age of Atlantic slavery –15 million Africans enslaved b/t

Organization of the Trade Male slaves preferred in Atlantic Arduous, brutal process trading slaves for weapons Triangle Trade Reciprocal benefits for European & African nations

Africa & the Slave Trade Slavery historically accepted in Africa –Slave women often preferred

Slaving & African Politics Groups consolidated power by expanding & trading prisoners of war Politics orients toward coast, but not on coast Role of the gun ↔ slave cycle

the Sudan (savannas of W. Af) Swahili Coast (E. Africa) Asante Dahomey Kongo Hausa & Yoruba

Asante & Dahomey Process developing authoritarian rule & complex gov’t quickened –Asante –Dahomey Economically dependent on slave trade

Kongo Europeanized by slave trade Desire to limit slave trade & political divisions undermined the Kongo government

Cultural Development Political & artistic development continued despite European contact Population growth & subordination of women due to European contact

Africa beyond the Atlantic Trade East Africa, the Sudan, & Southern Africa all developed differently due to their isolation from the Triangle Trade

East Africa & the Sudan E. Af Area of competing interests: African, Middle Eastern, European –luxury items & slaves still largely for Middle Eastern markets Sudan Renewed Islamization further changed culture & intensified slavery

South Africa Temperate climate meant land was desired by many groups –Bantu farmers in interior –Dutch Boers/Afrikaners create coastal outpost but pushed to interior by British colonists Shaka Zulu led militarized tribal expansion –Established violent competition for land b/t S. Af & Europeans

Global Connections Africa enters the world economy, for better or worse Africa forced to adapt in ways that weakened it & aided colonization Legacy of the slave trade lingers long after slavery was abolished