Chapter One: The New World of the 20 th Century Women’s Suffrage FEBRUARY 4, 2016

What was the suffrage movement?  Need to know…  Enfranchisement is the right to vote, often linked to a person’s citizenship status  Suffrage is the term used to describe the movement designed to achieve enfranchisement for women

Life for Women  Women were viewed as property, first of their fathers, then of their husbands  They were expected to stay at home and had few opportunities for education and occupation  Teaching and nursing were the two main career choices  In 1910, only three countries allowed women to vote: Australia, New Zealand and Finland

Changing Times  Canadian Election Act indicated that “No woman, idiot, lunatic, or criminal shall vote”  Around 1876 women began to question this. They formed the Women’s Literary Club in Toronto  1888-This club was renamed the Canadian Women’s Suffrage Association, supported by the National Council of Women in Canada  Suffrage received most support in the Prairies for two reasons 1) Men recognized the strength of women as equal partners because of the harsh lifestyle of farming 2) Men knew that allowing women to vote would strengthen the number of farm votes to ensure their voices were heard in the legislature.

Finally…  Canadian women over 30 were granted the right to vote in 1918  1920, the legal voting age for women was changed to 21, to coincide with male voters  Read Page 11- Profile Nellie McClung  Complete Questions 1 & 2  Complete page 12 “Voices The Rights of Women” Responding 1 & 2

The Global Village  Global Village refers to the concept of a shrinking world, resulting from advances in communication, transportation and technology.

Transportation  Steam powered ships allowed for more efficient ocean travel  Easier to get to other continents  11 million people relocated from Europe to North America and Australia between  Railway systems made it possible for settlement in inland areas, previously barren because they could not be accessed by water based transport.

Communication  Telegraph patented in 1837 by Samuel Morse  Telephone invented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell  First wireless signal sent from St.John’s, Newfoundland across the Atlantic in 1901  These changes contributed greatly to globalization. This term describes the relationship between citizens, companies and governments of countries all around the world that develops through international interactions such as trade. Information technology facilitates the ease of these relationships.

Technology  The 20 th century brought rapid changes in technology.  A list of some of the most interesting and influential inventions is listed on the website below. You will find a link on Google classroom.   Each person is to choose one invention and create a single informative slide outlining the following information.

Technology Slide Assignment  Complete ONE slide about a 20 th century invention. You will be assigned an invention. You may trade with another student or discuss an alternate invention with Mrs. Breen.  Include a picture, the name of the invention, the name of the inventor, and the global implications of the invention.

1900: HERSHEY CHOCOLATE BAR  Hershey chocolate bars were created by Milton S. Hershey  Before this, chocolate was typically bought in bulk for baking purposes, not for everyday consumption.  Though the chocolate bar was invented by Fry’s company in England, Hershey popularized this treat in the United States. The Ganong Brothers in New Brunswick brought it to Canada.  Chocolate production created more jobs in an ever struggling economy and encouraged global trade both pre and post production.  Chocolate bars were more accessible to the general population  The creation of this chocolate prompted competition with other manufacturers, leading to more products and flavours.  Easier accessibility to treats like chocolate bars can be considered a contributing factor to obesity.

Changes around the globe  Europe and North America were developing technology at a similar pace  China experienced great industrialization, though not when and how they wanted it  England, France, Russia, Germany and Japan all had a massive influence over China.  Christian missionaries had taken over many small villages and were beginning to take over every day interactions of the rural citizens in particular. When traditional values interfered with Christian practices, the Roman Catholic officials were given permission to ignore local authorities.

 In 1898, the “Hundred Days” reform began under the Emperor Guangxu who desired cultural, educational and political change. The movement was squashed and he was overthrown by the Dowager Empress Cixi.  This imperial influence prompted the Boxer Rebellion, an effort made by the Chinese to challenge and remove foreign economic and political influence.  Boxers were also called the “Righteous and Harmonious Fists”  Though it was dramatic, it was not an outright victory. Over people died.  Another rebellion in 1911 led by a statesman, Sun Yat Sen was more successful in modernizing and democratizing China.

Questions to keep in mind…  What were some factors that led China to be most resentful of international influence?  Why were more Christians allowed to be in China?  Who were the Boxers?  What was the Boxer rebellion?

The Boxer Rebellion 

Politics, Economics, and Culture February 16, 2016

The Political Spectrum

Key Terms  LIBERALISM is the political belief focused on democratic beliefs, individual freedom and a desire for progress.  SOCIALISM is a political and economic system where production and distribution are controlled by the public  IMPERIALISM is when a nation assumes authority over foreign countries or regions by acquiring them as colonies  CAPITALISM is an economic system with little to no government control. Capital goods, production and distribution is privately owned and managed by individuals or corporations.

Key terms continued  UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE is when citizens of all social classes are able to vote  ANARCHISTS are people who rebel against established authority, order or ruling powers  AUTHORITARIAN-a person or government holding absolute power, often ignoring or neglecting their constitutional responsibilities to their people.

Politics at the turn of the Century  Liberalism was taking hold in many countries after the success of the American and French Revolutions  Authoritarian rule was still very common in Russia, Germany and other countries throughout Asia and Africa  Canada, Britain, France, Switzerland and the United States were the main countries that elected their leader, even though only a select few of the population were able to vote. Voting was usually restricted to male land owners.  Most believed it was natural to be ruled over.  Rulers opposed universal suffrage, believing farmers and labourers were not educated enough to understand the intricacies of politics.

In your groups….  Complete the assigned questions as they apply to the country you were assigned. Ensure that at least one person is typing up the answers. Only one copy per group is necessary. You may wish to divide the questions among group members or compile information together. Be sure to complete your assignment in question and answer format and edit thoroughly as it will be used as a resource for your classmates.  See page 25 of your textbook for some helpful information.

Changing Ideas  At the beginning of the 20 th century there was a shift from traditional religious beliefs to newer scientific ideas.  English philosopher Herbert Spencer was applying Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution to other things such as government, society and economics believing the weak would be devoured or overcome by the strong.  Controversial German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche disliked the direction of democracy and Christianity in 19 th century society. He believed Christianity promoted weakness and that society needed a strong, courageous leader.