WARM UP: List the differences between the northern and southern regions of the United States (going back to the colonial era)

Sectionalism

 MAIN IDEA: In the 19 th century, sectionalism in the U.S. grew stronger over the issues of slavery and states’ rights. Sectionalism

What is sectionalism?  A strong loyalty to a particular region of the country  Personal identification with a section of the U.S. instead of the whole nation  Differences among the regions affect viewpoints, actions, and reactions of people living in different regions

Characteristics of Each Region  NORTH  People:  Most cities (more urban)  Many factory workers  Most reform groups  High population growth  Geography  Cool climate, rocky soil; fishing  Economy  Manufacturing, fishing, wage labor

Characteristics of Each Region  SOUTH  People:  Live on farmland (plantations)  many slaves  Geography  Warm climate – good farmland  Economy  Farming (cotton, tobacco, sugar)  Slave labor and slaves (as property)

Characteristics of Each Region  WEST  People:  Lightly populated  Mixture of ethnic groups (Indians, white, Spanish, French)  Geography  Plentiful land, minerals, fur resources  Economy  Small farms, mining (coal, gold, silver); fur trapping

Instructions: In groups of three, create a map demonstrating the differences between the north, south, and west in 19th century United States. Each of you will have a different region. Draw pictures, write information, then put the sections together on a large piece of construction paper. Red textbook: Chapter 15 Grey textbook: pages

ROAD TO WAR  Sectionalism  Missouri Compromise  Compromise of 1850  Kansas-Nebraska Act  Wilmot Proviso  Uncle Tom’s Cabin  John Brown’s Raid  Dred Scott Decision  Election of 1860  Secession  Confederacy  Fort Sumter

ISSUE:  Will the new territories in the west be slave states or free states? NORTH v. SOUTH

MISSOURI COMPROMISE 1820

ROAD to WAR…  Sectionalism  A strong loyalty to a particular region of the country  Personal identification with a section of the U.S. instead of the whole nation

ROAD to WAR…  WILMOT PROVISO  proposed by David Wilmot  a bill to outlaw slavery in western territories  Never became a law, but it escalated the debate between slave and free states (north and south)

ROAD to WAR…  WILMOT PROVISO  South does not agree…  John C. Calhoun, senator from South Carolina, argued that all states should have the right to decide slavery on their own

John C. CalhounSam the Eagle

Then the U.S. – Mexican War happened… 1848

ROAD to WAR…  Compromise of 1850  HENRY CLAY (negotiated the plan in Congress)  Five Part Plan 1. California free state 2. New Mexico & Utah will decide slavery by popular sovereignty 3. Slave trade outlawed in D.C. 4. Fugitive Slave Act 5. Settles border dispute between Texas and New Mexico HENRY CLAY

ROAD to WAR… CCompromise of 1850 FFive part plan 1. California = free state 2. New Mexico and Utah territories will decide slavery issue by popular sovereignty 3. D.C. ends slavery in the capital 4. Fugitive Slave Act 5. Settle border dispute between Texas and New Mexico HENRY CLAY

ROAD to WAR…  Fugitive Slave Act  all citizens (north and south) are required to report runaway slaves  Anyone caught helping fugitive slave would be fined or imprisoned  Forced northerners to be participants in slavery

NEBRASKA TERRITORY KANSAS TERRITORY 1854

ROAD to WAR…  Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)  Congress repealed the Missouri Compromise and allowed two territories, Kansas and Nebraska, to decide whether or not to allow slavery in those territories  popular sovereignty

ROAD to WAR…  Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)  Proposed by Stephen Douglas  Allowed two new states, Kansas and Nebraska, to vote( popular sovereignty) to either become a free or slave state  Many northerners were unhappy with the Kansas-Nebraska Act because it went against the Missouri Compromise

ROAD to WAR…  Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)  Tensions Build in Kansas  Pro-slavery and antislavery settlers moved into the Kansas territory  Many farmers from neighboring states moved to the territory in hopes of spreading slavery to the territory

ROAD to WAR…  “Bleeding Kansas”  Kansas had become a place of violence as pro and anti slavery forces fought over the state’s future.  By 1859, many people had been killed giving it the nickname “Bleeding Kansas”  This was a small taste of the violence to come with the Civil War

What if a slave moved to a free state with his owner? Would this make him free?

ROAD to WAR…  Dred Scott  Slave that was from Missouri and had lived in Illinois and Wisconsin (two free states)  After Scott returned to Missouri, his owner died  This issue led to the Supreme Court case Dred Scott v. Sandford  Dred Scott sued for his freedom because he had lived in free states

ROAD to WAR…  Dred Scott Decision  Case reaches the Supreme Court  Decision  Dred Scott still a slave (even though he had lived on free soil)  Slaves are not citizens, so Dred Scott cannot sue  Congress has no power to prohibit slavery in any territory

ROAD to WAR…  New Political Party  1854 anti-slavery politicians form the Republican Party  formed to oppose the pro-slavery politics of the Whigs and Democrats  main goal was to keep slavery out of western territories

One of the first Republicans… Abraham Lincoln

ROAD to WAR…  1858 Senate race in Illinois  Stephen A. Douglas (Democrat) v Abraham Lincoln (Republican)  VIDEO

ROAD to WAR…  1858 Senate race in Illinois  Stephen A. Douglas (Democrat) v Abraham Lincoln (Republican)  Douglas:  Disliked slavery, but believed popular sovereignty should decide the issue  Won the election against Lincoln in this senate race  Lincoln:  Believed slavery to be morally wrong  “a house divided against itself cannot stand” (from the Bible)  Lost this election, but gained popularity for future presidential race

ROAD to WAR…  1860 Presidential Race  Big issue leading up to election: would the United States break up?  Issue of slavery causes the Democratic party to split  pro-popular sovereignty: Stephen Douglas  pro-slavery: John C. Breckenridge  Moderates: John Bell  Republicans nominate Abraham Lincoln to run for President

ELECTION OF 1860