1949 China Turns Communist

1962 Cuba Turns Communist

The end of the world as we know it? 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis

Korean War

Vietnam War

1989 COLD WAR ENDS DISSOLUTION (or breaking apart) of the Soviet Union

The Cold War [ ]: An Ideological Struggle USSR & Eastern Bloc Nations U.S. & other Western Democracies GOAL  spread world- wide Communism GOAL  “Containment” of Communism and spread of Capitalism worldwide How the war was fought: 1.Espionage (spying) 2.Arms Race [nuclear escalation] 3.Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples 4.Proxy Wars

Who started the Cold War?

Fragile Alliance During WWII U.S. upset Stalin had signed the nonaggression pact with Germany in Stalin blamed the Allies for not invading Nazi occupied Europe earlier than 1944.

Yalta Conference (Feb 1945): The Beginning of the Cold War? Leaders of U.S., Britain and Soviet Union met in Yalta to discuss post WWII plans. They agreed –to divide Germany into occupation zones controlled by Allied military forces. –to make Germany pay the Soviet Union for the loss of life and property. –the Soviet Union would join the war against Japan. –Eastern European countries would have free elections. (U.S. is skeptical of Stalin’s promise)

Soviets Build a Buffer, 1945 Soviet Union wanted to shield itself from another invasion from the West (Poles 17th c, Swedes 18c, French 19c, Germans 20c) Stalin ignored the agreement made during the Yalta Conference and installed communist governments in Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland and Yugoslavia.

Prime Minister of Great Britain Winston Churchill “From Stettin in the Baltic, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent.” -Winston Churchill, 1946 In his speech, Churchill stated that Europe was divided into two hostile camps. Stalin viewed Churchill’s speech as “a call to war with the Soviet Union.” “Iron Curtain Speech”

Truman Doctrine, 1947 The U.S. would give money and aid to countries threatened by communist expansion. Led to a U.S. policy of containment, trying to keep communism within its existing borders. U.S. gave $400,000,000 of aid to Greece and Turkey.

The Marshall Plan, 1947 To help Europe recover from WWII, the U.S. Secretary of State, George Marshall, came up with a plan to provide economic aid to countries who needed it. The hope was that giving food, machinery, and other materials to countries would prevent the spread of communism. The Soviets saw this as a trick on the part of the United States to BUY support, and declined aid.

NATO, 1949 Warsaw, Both the U.S. and U.S.S.R. wanted security so they created new alliances. -U.S. and western European countries joined together to form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or (NATO). -U.S.S.R joined with eastern European countries in an alliance called The Warsaw Pact. Military Alliances

Germany is Divided After WWII Germany (and the city of Berlin) were divided into four sections Each of the Allies controlled a section –Eventually West Germany unified as one territory –East Germany remained under the control of the USSR

Berlin Blockade and Airlift The Soviets resented having a democratic and capitalist part of Berlin in East Germany. They set up a blockade of West Berlin. –Not allowing any trucks, ships or trains in to bring supplies to the 2 million residents. The Western powers decided to start the Berlin Airlift – for 10 months supplies and food were flown by U.S. & British planes from West Germany into West Berlin. USSR eventually lifted blockade.

Gail Halvorsen The Candy Bomber

Who started the Cold War?