The Cold War Heats Up! 1950’s and 60’s Cold War Policy

China, Korea, Taiwan Post war instability Nationhood v. colony v. sphere of influence Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong

Korean War Divided after WWII at the 38 th parallel N – communist, S – democratic N – unite Korea by force – Stalin – USSR sends weapons

US enters with the UN MacArthur leads forces Inchon to cut supply lines – China UN push North into China China enters and pushes back into South – prevent US imperialism

Truman and MacArthur disagree MacArthur Open second front by sending in Taiwan to attack China Unite Korea under one democratic government Tries to convince Truman Truman Containment Keep war limited Stick to UN policing Do not expand the war Angered by letter MacArthur sent to Congress

End Result Truman fires MacArthur Stalemate at the 38 th Parallel Korea is divided into North and South – still divided today

Home front Red Scare House of Un- American Activities Truman’s Federal Loyalty Program – security checks of government employees to root out communism

On the Home front McCarthyism Senator – hearings to accuse many of communist activity and infiltration Fear of communism TV-discredited as bully – Big Lie Witch-hunt Hollywood Ten

On the Home front Julius and Ethel Rosenburg Accused of selling atomic secrets Civilians executed for treason Alger Hiss – accused communist activity

Eisenhower’s Policy – 1950’s Containment through Propaganda Conflicts with Dulles – brinkmanship Willingness for war if necessary Do not interfere in Soviet spheres of influence Domino Theory CIA formed

Bay of Pigs

Cuban Missile Crisis

Berlin Wall

Kennedy’s Challenge 1961 – Bay of Pigs – attempt to assist in overthrow of communist Cuba p – Berlin Wall goes up, expands military spending and size p – Cuban Missile Crisis – use of blockade “minutes from WWIII” standoff see p assassinated

Rivalry in Africa & Third World Why – de-colonization post WWII Raw materials & oil in the Middle East economic investment and markets New Nations – members of the UN

How ? New nations played interests to get most assistance Aided by the CIA Sometimes supported unpopular governments - ex – at first supported apartheid in South Africa and white minority in Rhodesia

Middle East Strategy Eisenhower Doctrine – US would not tolerate the USSR intervention in the ME & the US would intervene if there were a threat of communist takeover Suez Crisis CIA and the Shah of Iran Israel, PLO – 6 day war OPEC Carter and the Camp David Accords Iran Hostage Crisis

Sputnik

The Saturn

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

Nuclear Race Hydrogen bomb is developed – US-USSR Arms race to gain advantage ICBM – expand range Limited Test Ban Treaty – no above ground testing Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty SALT I and SALT II

Space Race Sputnik – first into space Kennedy challenges to put man on moon Increased funding/interest into math/science education USSR first manned satellite US first man on the moon Develops rocketry for military use

Total US and Soviet Nuclear Warheads

Terms Containment policy Berlin Airlift Domino Theory Space race Nuclear Arms Race McCarthyism NATO/WARSAW PACT Iron Curtain Satellite nations Truman Doctrine Berlin Wall Cuban Missile Crisis Bay of Pigs United Nations Marshall Plan Vietnamization Vietcong Vietmin Korean War Radio Free Europe detente

Assessment Summarize the origins of the Cold War Summarize the course of the war over time Explain the CAUSE and EFFECTS of various cold war events – compare events, infer the impact and significance of the event Photos, cartoons, maps, propaganda

America and Vietnam

Vietnamization

Vietnam Protests

Nixon and Vietnam

Johnson Conflict in Vietnam A former French colony declares independence after WWII, fights with France Divided by the UN into North and South Begins by sending advisors, supplies, money

Watergate