Communication between cultures Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: 8TH EDITION Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Space, Time, and Silence © Cengage 2012 Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Time, and Space

Key Ideas Functions of nonverbal communication Defining nonverbal communication Studying nonverbal communication Classification of nonverbal communication Improving nonverbal communication skills © Cengage 2012 Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Time, and Space

Functions of nonverbal communication Expressing internal states Important judgments and decisions based on observations of nonverbal behavior Emotions reflected in posture, face, eyes, tone of voice, proximity, and touch Creating identity Variety of non-verbal messages help people make judgments about others Things such as skin color, use of makeup, facial expressions, dress, etc. © Cengage 2012 Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Time, and Space

Functions of nonverbal communication Regulating interaction Repeating the message Substituting for words © Cengage 2012 Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Time, and Space

Defining nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication involves all those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source and/or receiver. © Cengage 2012 Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Time, and Space

Defining nonverbal communication Messages may be intentional or unintentional Verbal and nonverbal messages Difficult to separate verbal and nonverbal messages Often use nonverbal message to repeat a point © Cengage 2012 Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Time, and Space

Studying nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication can be ambiguous Multiple factors influence nonverbal communication It includes cultural universals Nonverbal communication is learned in the process of socialization Different cultures have their own rules for nonverbal communication such as the use of facial expression © Cengage 2012 Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Time, and Space

Classification of nonverbal communication Messages of the body Appearance Judgment of beauty Skin color Attire Body movement – Kinesics Posture Gestures Facial expressions Eye contact and gaze Touch © Cengage 2012 Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Time, and Space

Classification of nonverbal communication Body movement – Kinesics Vocal qualities (pitch, rate, pitch, tempo, resonance, pronunciation, tone) Vocal characteristics (laughing, crying, moaning, whining, yawning) Vocal segrates (“uh-huh,” “shh,”, “uh,” “ooh,” “um,” “mmmh,” “hmmm” © Cengage 2012 Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Time, and Space

Classification of nonverbal communication Space and distance Personal space Intimate distance Personal distance Social distance Public distance Seating Furniture and arrangement Time © Cengage 2012 Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Time, and Space

Classification of nonverbal communication Time Informal time Punctuality Pace Monrchromatic (M-Time) and Polychromatic (P-Time) M-time: time is linear, sequential, and segmented P-Time: For P-time cultures, time is less tangible and people are usually not in a hurry to finish an assignment or chore © Cengage 2012 Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Time, and Space

Classification of nonverbal communication Silence Periods of provide an interval in an ongoing interaction during which the participants have time to think, check or suppress an emotion, encode a lengthy response, or inaugurate another line of thought Silence also provides feedback, informing both sender and receiver about the clarity of an idea or its significance in the overall interpersonal exchange © Cengage 2012 Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Time, and Space

Classification of nonverbal communication Silence In most Western cultures, talk is highly valued, and it is often difficult to determine the meaning behind someone’s silence, because it can be interpreted as an indication of agreement, anger, lack of interest, injured feelings, or contempt Silence can be interpreted as an indication of agreement, anger, lack of interest, injured feelings, or contempt © Cengage 2012 Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Time, and Space

Classification of nonverbal communication Silence Intercultural implications of silence as a means of interpreting ongoing verbal interactions are as diverse as those of other nonverbal cues Knowing how various cultures use silence is essential Buddhism - many people feel comfortable with the absence of noise or talk and actually believe that words can contaminate an experience © Cengage 2012 Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Time, and Space

Classification of nonverbal communication Silence Japanese – silence is important and complex People are expected to know what another person is thinking and feeling without anything being said Silence is linked to credibility Hindu Self-realization, salvation, truth, wisdom, peace, and bliss are all achieved in a state of meditation and introspection when the individual is communicating with himself or herself in silence © Cengage 2012 Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Time, and Space

Improving nonverbal communication skills Monitor your nonverbal actions Is my behavior making people feel comfortable or uncomfortable? Am I am adjusting my nonverbal messages to the feedback I am receiving from my communication “partner”? How are people reacting to my use of space, touch, paralanguage, time, and the like? If my messages are being misinterpreted is it because my unintentional messages, rather than my intentional messages, are impacting my communication “partner”? © Cengage 2012 Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Time, and Space

Improving nonverbal communication skills Monitor feedback Be sensitive to the context Be aware of nonverbal ambiguity Know your culture © Cengage 2012 Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Time, and Space

Communication between cultures Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: 8TH EDITION Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Space, Time, and Silence © Cengage 2012 Chapter 9 Nonverbal Communication: The Messages of Action, Time, and Space