Cold War: Origins

Wartime Diplomacy  Yalta Conference: Near the end of WWII. The “Big 3” meet near the Black Sea. ( FDR, Churchill, Stalin)  Agreements: Soviet Union agrees to help defeat Japan in return for land in Asia.  Churchill and FDR: fear after the war, Stalin will try to spread communism in eastern Europe. Stalin fears western powers will threaten U.S.S.R.  They all agree to divide Germany into 4 zones until elections in the future (Britain, U.S., France, U.S.S.R.)  Even Stalin agrees to free elections in the U.S.S.R zone. Wow!!!

United Nations is formed  The United Nations was formed from ideas at Yalta  President Truman: goes ahead with the plan to form the U.N.  June 26, 1945 United Nations 1 st meeting in San Francisco CA. It’s goal is to help prevent future wars.

Soviet Expansion and the Iron Curtain  After the war, Stalin does not keep his promise. Sets up communist governments in eastern Europe  Europe is now split into 2 camps.  Winston Churchill says the Soviet Union has put up an “iron curtain” across eastern Europe. What does he mean?  Warns that Soviets will soon look beyond Eastern Europe. - Revolutions occur in Greece and Turkey. Stay democratic - Revolutions occur in Greece and Turkey. Stay democratic

Containment  Policy which says that the U.S. will “contain” Soviets in various ways, both militarily and other ways in areas of “strategic importance”.  Truman Doctrine: a commitment to help nations under threat of communism.

Re-building: The Marshall Plan  Europe and Japan are in ruins after the war  George Marshall (U.S. Secretary of State) has a plan! - Best way to keep countries from communism is to rebuild them! - Best way to keep countries from communism is to rebuild them! - Provide massive economic aid to countries in need. - Provide massive economic aid to countries in need. - Congress does not like the idea. Change mind after the fall of Czechoslovakia to communists! - Congress does not like the idea. Change mind after the fall of Czechoslovakia to communists! $13 Billion to W. Europe

Crisis in Berlin  Berlin is in Soviet controlled East Germany This causes all sorts of issues! Remember, Berlin is also split into 4 zones! Truman wants to unite them. Stalin wants what? Tensions get even more intense! Stalin blockades Berlin!

Berlin Blockade  Soviets stop all traffic into Berlin.  Stop all RR and water routes. Shortages occur.  All supplies are cut off! Stalin hopes that the west (U.S. and Britain) will give up and leave!  U.S responds with airlift!

Two Armed Camps  Cold War- U.S. and Soviet Union not fighting, but begin to build up their arms. What does this mean? What does this mean?

NATO VS. Warsaw Pact  NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) - Member nations: an attack on one is an attack on all (from any communist nation) - Member nations: an attack on one is an attack on all (from any communist nation) (U.S, Canada and 10 other Western European nations) (U.S, Canada and 10 other Western European nations)  Warsaw Pact – Communist governments of East Europe controlled by the Soviet Union.

United States Rearms  National Security Council: U.S. can’t put faith in other countries to contain spread of communism. Must fight it worldwide. - “foster the seeds of destruction within the Soviet Union” - “foster the seeds of destruction within the Soviet Union” What does this mean?? What does this mean??

Next…  Watch out for China!