Carolyne Jones, M.Psy.(Clin.) Assoc. Prof. Susana Gavidia-Payne, Ph.D. Psychology School of Health Sciences RMIT University Bundoora VIC Early Childhood Intervention Australia Conference Perth WA August
Background & Rationale Research Questions Measure Participants Findings Conclusions & Implications
Inclusion extends beyond early childhood educational settings to the community Beliefs of service providers impact on young children’s experience of inclusion Key characteristics related to positive beliefs ◦ Professional ◦ Personal
Early Childhood Professionals Previous experience working with young children with disabilities Years of experience working in kindergarten/childcare Disability-specific training Level of education Age Personal experience with people with disabilities
Recreation Providers Currently working with people with disabilities Years of experience working with people with disabilities Certifications/disability-specific training Confidence in implementing inclusive practices
Mixed results in literature No research of beliefs found about inclusion of young children with disabilities in the community (outside educational/recreation settings) Two important stakeholders in community inclusion of young children w disabilities Important knowledge base to inform training & education Why?
Do ECP and recreation providers report similar beliefs, sense of competence & workplace support for implementing inclusive practices? Which personal and professional characteristics are significantly related to ECP and recreation providers’ beliefs? Which characteristics best predict positive beliefs among ECP and recreation providers, as one group?
No measures specific to community inclusion Created 22-item pilot measure ◦ Bruns & Mogharreban, 2007; Rafferty & Griffin, 2005 Four subscales (plus Demographics section) ◦ General Beliefs about Community Inclusion (5 items) ◦ Beliefs about Inclusion in Community Settings (10 items) ◦ Workplace Support for Inclusive Practices (2 items) ◦ Confidence about Implementing Inclusive Practices (4 items)
80 questionnaires returned;45% response rate ◦ 37 kindergarten/childcare staff (ECP) ◦ 43 recreation providers/GymbaROO staff CharacteristicsECP GroupRecreation Group Worked with young children with disabilities previously 92%81% Worked with young children with disabilities in past year 73%70% Disability-specific training86%79% Personal experience with people with disabilities 42%46%
Community Inclusion Survey Subscale Early Childhood Professionals Recreation Providers General Beliefs about Community Inclusion (Scores range 5- 25) 7.73 (3.64) “Strongly Agree/Agree” 9.47 (3.96) * “Agree” Beliefs about Inclusion in Community Settings (Scores range ) (1.93) “Always ” (2.26) “Always” Workplace Support for Inclusive Practices (Scores range ) 3.97 (2.10) “Agree” 3.65 (1.51) “Agree” Confidence about Implementing Inclusive Practices (Scores range 4 – 20) 8.77 (3.22) “Agree” 8.44 (2.83) “Agree” Community Inclusion Survey Total (Scores range ) (7.97) “Strongly Agree/Agree” (6.71) “Strongly Agree/Agree”
Professional CharacteristicEarly Childhood Professionals Recreation Providers Previous experience working with young children with disabilities Not significant Confidence subscale (p <.05) Years experience working with young children with disabilities Confidence subscale & total score (p <.001) Confidence subscale (p <.05) Worked with young children with disabilities in past year Confidence subscale (p<.001) Confidence subscale (p <.001) & total score (p <.05) Number of disability training topicsSupport (p <.001) & confidence (p <.05) subscales Not significant
Recreation Providers group o Level of education General Beliefs about Community Inclusion subscale (p <.05) Beliefs about Inclusion in Community Settings subscale (p <.05) o Extended family member with a disability Beliefs about Inclusion in Community Settings (p <.05) Interestingly, the correlation indicated less support
Predictors of positive beliefs sample-wide Number of years previously working with young children with disabilities o Significant contribution to regression model Having worked with young children with disabilities in the past year Both characteristics explain 19% of variance
Both groups were similarly positive o Except ECP reported more positive general beliefs about community inclusion than recreation providers Actively working with young children with disabilities was a key factor for both groups ECP - training in disability-specific topics Recreation providers - level of education
Design and implementation of inclusion education and training programs in the community Preliminary results to encourage future research into beliefs of key stakeholders (hopefully) Extend to other sample groups o Parents, managers, directors, council representatives Endless possibilities!