Let’s Walk the Walk Dr Catherine Calderwood Chief Medical Officer for Scotland obstetrician and gynaecologist

WHO definition of health (1948) “A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” Paves the way for shift to health promotion

Key characteristics of those who are inactive Health, long-term illness and disability Economic activity status - especially inability to work and to a lesser extent those who are retired Age – activity declines with age from about age 45 Income and sex were not influential

Why All the Fuss? Seminal studies linking Physical Activity to health Contribution to health Costs of inactivity – Global, UK, Scotland

Seminal studies – Cardiovascular/cardiorespiratory fitness (late 1950s) links PA to health Worldwide - estimates that physical inactivity causes – 6% of the burden of disease from coronary heart disease ranging from 3·2% in southeast Asia to 7·8% in the eastern Mediterranean region – 7% of type 2 diabetes (3·9 – 9·6%) – 10% of breast cancer (5·6–14·1%) – 10% of colon cancer (5·7–13·8%) [Lee et al 2012 ]

Leading causes of attributable global mortality, WHO 2004 % 1.High blood pressure Tobacco use8.7 3.High blood glucose Physical inactivity Overweight and obesity High cholesterol Unsafe sex Alcohol use3.8 9.Childhood underweight Indoor smoke from solid fuels million total global deaths in 2004

COSTS TO THE NHS Comparative level of importance varies depending of figures used – message is the same – physical inactivity is a major issue In 2006–07, costs to NHS in UK for behaviour related ill health: poor diet £5.8 billion Smoking £3.3 billion alcohol £3.3 billion overweight and obesity cost £5.1 billion physical inactivity was £0.9 billion Scarborough et al 2011

Health Costs of Inactivity - Scotland 2500 Scots die prematurely each year due to a lack of physical activity 9% of our population die due to physical inactivity Physical inactivity costs Scotland over £800 million each year Foster, C and Allender, S. (2012) Costing the burden off ill health related to physical inactivity for Scotland. British Heart Foundation Research Group report for SPARCOll. NHS Health Scotland.

We encourage and enable the active to stay active throughout life We develop physical confidence and competence from the earliest age Physical activity is about getting people moving. Daily walking, playing in a park, going to a gym, training with a team or aspiring to win a gold medal- it doesn’t really matter how people get active, it just matters that we do. Being physically active contributes to our personal, community and national wellbeing. Our vision is of a Scotland where more people are more active, more often. We improve our active infrastructure – people and places We support wellbeing and resilience in communities through physical activity and sport We improve opportunities to participate, progress and achieve in sport Equality – Our commitment to equality underpins everything we do Vision: A More Active Scotland Active Scotland Outcomes National Outcomes We encourage and enable the inactive to be more active

Percentage of inactive adults Percentage of inactive children Recreational Walking We encourage and enable the active to stay active throughout life Frequency of active participation (sport & walking) Active recreation in older people (sport & walking) Attendance at leisure facilities We develop physical confidence and competence from the earliest age School PE provision Children’s active play Active travel to school We improve our active infrastructure – people and places Satisfaction with leisure facilities Greenspace accessibility Active volunteering workforce We support wellbeing and resilience in communities through physical activity and sport Community safety for play Safety of neighbourhood for walking We improve opportunities to participate, progress and achieve in sport Sports participation in adults Sports participation in children Team Scotland performance Active Scotland Outcomes We encourage and enable the inactive to be more active More people more active, more often. Percentage of adults who meet Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) guidelines - National Indicator Percentage of children who meet MVPA guidelines Vision: A More Active Scotland

Measures across the outcomes are broadly stable or improving

More people are walking for recreation… but not to get to work or school Source: Transport and Travel in Scotland 2014 (Scottish Household Survey) Proportion of adults walking for recreation and walking to work, 2007 to 2014

CONTACT: Duncan Galbraith, Inverclyde Globetrotters and World Walking

Getting in touch… calderwood/108/979/691