1 st Three President Ch 6

George Washington 1 st POTUS No Political Party – “First in War, First in Peace, and First in the Hearts of His Countrymen”

Newburgh Conspiracy "Gentlemen, you will permit me to put on my spectacles, for I have not only grown gray but almost blind in the service of my country."

1 st administration - John Adams - Vice- POTUS - Cabinet - advisors to the POTUS - Treasury – Alexander Hamilton - finances - State – Thomas Jefferson – foreign relations - War - army/navy - Attorney General – lawyer for nation

Cabinet Hamilton - treasury Jefferson - state

Hamilton and Debt Pay foreign debt: Result – help US credit rating Fed. Gov’t assumes national debt: Result – unify nation Excise Taxes & Tariffs: Result – pay off debts National Bank & Currency: Result – direct the economy

Whiskey Rebellion - taxes on whiskey - Location: Western Pennsylvania - GW’s reaction: sent 12k soldiers to quell rebellion

An interesting look at the Whiskey Rebellion

2 Party system FederalistsDemocratic-Republicans 1. Leader- Hamilton 2. Favored strong federal gov’t 3. economy – industry 4. Pro- British 5. Interpret Constitution- Loose construction 1. Leader- TJ 2. Favored state gov’ts 3. economy – agrarian 4. Pro- French 5. Literal Reading of Constitution- Strict Construction

Jay’s Treaty John Jay- Chief Justice - avoid war with Britain - US: 1. pay prewar debts - GB: 1. no forts in NW Terr. 2. won’t arm Indians - extremely unpopular

Little Turtle

Effigy

Precedents 1. Unwritten POTUS rule – 2 terms 2. Farewell Address – foreign policy : neutrality - French Revolution - read farewell address in text

Adams - Federalist

XYZ Affair French upset over Jay’Treaty; start seizing US ships - 3 French officials: want $250k bribes from US -Result:1. larger army/navy 2. taxes –stamps/land

Alien and Sedition Acts Alien Act - POTUS could arrest & deport foreigners that criticize fed. gov’t -Sedition Act -- illegal to discredit the federal gov’t -- - Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions -declared the Sedition Act unconstitutional –established the doctrine of nullification - written by Jefferson & Madison

Election of 1800 Adams runs for reelection Democratic Republicans: POTUS Candidate –TJ VP – Aaron Burr Result: Tie - Who gets to decide? House of Representatives -Who was responsible for TJ winning the election? Hamilton What eventually happened in 1804? Burr killed Hamilton in Duel - 12 th Amendment - separate ballots of POTUS and VP - Precedent: peaceful transition of power

Hamilton burr-and-alexander-hamilton burr-and-alexander-hamilton

TJ – Democratic Republican

John Marshall -occupation: Chief Justice - Pol. Party: Federalist -Precedents: -1. judicial review - 2. fed > states - 3. contracts -4. loose construction -Famous Case: Marbury vs. Madison - established: judicial review - constitutionality

Louisiana - territory controlled by France -why was it sold? -1. Napoleonic Wars - 2. Haiti Slave Revolts - from Miss R. to Rocky Mtns - US paid $ 15 mill ; Result: doubled size of US -Lewis and Clark Expedition -explored the territory - guide: Sacagawea

purchase/

Lewis and Clark

Barbary Pirates Continent: Africa - what did they do? Seizing US ships -TJ’s reaction: sent Marines/Navy to Tripoli

Marine Hymn

Problems w/ England US trading heavily with France - GB start using impressment - take US sailors- force them to sail for GB - TJ asks for embargo- stop all foreign trade -Bad idea: -1. merchants -2. sailors -3. farmers

Era of Good Feelings - DR James Madison James Monroe