Sexual Motivation

10:15 Assembly Front Left Row Allen B,C,D Anselene E K.Banks F Barbara G Bradley G,H Edgington I,J Troianello L Front Center Row Burns A,B,C Campbell C,D Carter D,E,F Davis F,G,H Dufour H,I Dunn J,K Chandler L Front Right Row Fogelson B,C,D Kittelson D,E,F Kostkan F,G Wortman H Bourassa K Middle Left Row Schwartz M,N Sierralta N,O,P Sloop P,Q K.Smith Q,R,S Price T Middle Center Row Scipioni M-T Yousefzadeh U,V Middle Right Row Lenotti M,N,O Throckmorton O,P,Q Worth Q,R,S Woolley T,U

Schedule for today 1st block 9:00 – 11:13 1st Assembly 9: :00 2nd Assembly 10:15 – 11:00 Announcements 11:13 – 11:20 3rd block 11:25 - 1:12 D Lunch at 12:43 2nd block 1:17 - 2:30 4th block 2:35 - 3:48

Agenda 1. Bell Ringer: Review Guide for test, Format, and Dates. (March 9 and 11) 2. Notes: Sexual Motivation and Homosexuality 3. Kinsey Article and Questions 4. CBS Report: Masters and Johnson 5. Culture and Psychology, can we study without bias? How does Culture play a role? 6. Q and A, testing Assembly at 10:15

Sexual Motivation Sexual motivation is nature’s clever way of making people procreate, enabling our species to survive. Sexual motivation is nature’s clever way of making people procreate, enabling our species to survive.

Imagined Stimuli Our imagination in our brain can influence sexual arousal and desire. People with spinal cord injuries and no genital sensation can still feel sexual desire.

Sex Drive Sex is not a “need” Sex is not a “need” Involves the hypothalamus Involves the hypothalamus We are aroused by almost anything at any time. We are aroused by almost anything at any time.

Sex Drive Increases at puberty with an increase in sex hormones Increases at puberty with an increase in sex hormones Pituitary gland Pituitary gland Males – testosterone (testes) Males – testosterone (testes) Females – estrogen (ovaries & adrenals) Females – estrogen (ovaries & adrenals)

Phase Physiological Response Excitement Genitals become engorged with blood. Vagina expands secretes lubricant. Penis enlarges. Plateau Excitement peaks such as breathing, pulse and blood pressure. Orgasm Contractions all over the body. Increase in breathing, pulse & blood pressure. Sexual release. Resolution Engorged genital release blood. Male goes through refractory phase. 4 Stages to Sexual Response Cycle by Masters and Johnson

Sexual Disorders  Premature ejaculation (male)  Erectile disorder (male)  Orgasmic disorder (female)

Contraception  Ignorance: many teens do not have the right ideas about birth control methods.  Guilt Related to Sexual Activity: Guilt reduces sexual activity, but it also reduces the use of contraceptives.  Minimal Communication: Many teenagers feel uncomfortable about discussing contraceptives.  Alcohol Use: Those who use alcohol prior to sex are less likely to use contraceptives.  Mass Media: The media’s portrayal of unsafe extramarital sex decreases the use of contraceptives.

Adolescent Sexuality When individuals reach adolescence, their sexual behavior develops. However, there are cultural differences. Sexual promiscuity in modern Western culture is much greater than in Arab countries and other Asian countries.

Factors that reduce sexual activity in teens  High Intelligence: Teens with higher intelligence are likely to delay sex.  Religiosity: Religious teens and adults often reserve sex for a marital commitment.  Father Presence: A father’s absence from home can contribute to higher teen sexual activity.  Learning Programs: Teens who volunteer and tutor in programs dedicated to reducing teen pregnancy are less likely to engage in unsafe sex.

Sexual Orientation Direction of an individual’s sexual interest Direction of an individual’s sexual interest Heterosexuality Heterosexuality Bisexuality Bisexuality Homosexuality Homosexuality

Origins of Sexual Orientation Homosexuality is more likely based on biological factors like differing brain centers, genetics, and prenatal hormone exposure rather than environmental factors.

Sexual Orientation Statistics In Europe and America, based on many national surveys, homosexuality in men is 3-4% and in women is 1-2%.

About 10% of the population is homosexual. About 10% of the population is homosexual. Researchers attribute causes of homosexuality to biological, psychological, or sociocultural factors. Researchers attribute causes of homosexuality to biological, psychological, or sociocultural factors.

Animal Homosexuality A number of animal species are devoted to same- sex partners, suggesting that homosexuality exists in the animal world. Wendell and Cass

The Brain In homosexual men, the size of the anterior hypothalamus is smaller and the anterior commissure is larger. Anterior Hypothalamus Anterior Commissure

Genes & Sexual Orientation  Family: Homosexuality seems to run in families.  Twin studies: Homosexuality is more common in identical twins than fraternal twins. However, there are mixed results.  Fruit flies: Genetic engineers can genetically manipulate females to act like males during courtship and males to act like females.

Hormones & Sexual Orientation Prenatal hormones affect sexual orientation during critical periods of fetal development. 1. Animals: Exposure of a fetus to testosterone results in females (sheep) exhibiting homosexual behavior. 2. Humans: Exposure of a male or female fetus to female hormones results in an attraction to males. Heterosexual male Homosexual Heterosexual female

Kinsey article What is the controversy behind studying sexuality in Psychology? What is the controversy behind studying sexuality in Psychology? What are complications behind the studies? Give several examples. What are complications behind the studies? Give several examples.