Contraception

Safe sex versus safer sex The term “Safe sex” is misleading. No sex is the only truly safe sex. Know partner’s sexual history Know partner’s sexual history Drug use Drug use Ask questions Ask questions

STI’S Herpes Gonorrhea Syphilis HPV

The only known way to prevent any kind of sexually transmitted infections is to abstain from sexual contact. What strategies do you think would be effective in selling contraception to teenagers? Marketing Strategy? Marketing Strategy?

Choices Abstinence – not having sex 100% effective in preventing STI’s and Pregnancy One in five Americans have genital herpes, yet at least 80 percent of those with herpes are unaware they have it One in five Americans have genital herpes, yet at least 80 percent of those with herpes are unaware they have it About 50 percent to 80 percent of US adults have oral herpes OR Herpes simplex Virus. (JHU) About 50 percent to 80 percent of US adults have oral herpes OR Herpes simplex Virus. (JHU)

BARRIER METHODS Barrier Methods – Physical barrier to stop sperm from coming into contact with an egg Diaphragm, Cervical Cap, Female Condom At least one in four Americans will contract an STD at some point in their lives At least one in four Americans will contract an STD at some point in their lives

PROTECTION Male Condoms Thin cover that fits over an erect penis, sperm is deposited into condom instead of vagina. Thin cover that fits over an erect penis, sperm is deposited into condom instead of vagina. Latex or Polyurethane Over – the – Counter Put on before penis touches female genitalia 98% Effective How?

PROTECTION Spermacide – Chemicals that kill sperm Foams, Creams, Gel Foams, Creams, Gel Inserted into vagina before sex Inserted into vagina before sex Water- Based, Not Oil - Oil damages latex Water- Based, Not Oil - Oil damages latex Nonoxynol – 9, Spermicidal Lubricant Nonoxynol – 9, Spermicidal Lubricant More than 5 million people are infected with HPV each year

Hormonal Methods Hormonal Method – Doses of hormones to prevent pregnancy by stopping ovulation Birth Control Pills – Prevents ovulation by suppressing the natural hormones that would stimulate an ovary to release an egg 99% effective when taken properly, taken daily 99% effective when taken properly, taken daily Does not protect against STD’s Does not protect against STD’s

IUD Hormonal Release progestinRelease progestin Thicken cervical mucus, endometrium does not grow, reduces menstrual bleeding.Thicken cervical mucus, endometrium does not grow, reduces menstrual bleeding. Non-Hormonal Copper acts as spermicide, weakening the sperm or destroying it.Copper acts as spermicide, weakening the sperm or destroying it.

PREVENTING PREGNANCY Injectables – Shots that contain hormones to prevent pregnancy Every 3 Months Every 3 Months 99% effective 99% effective Does not protect against STI’s Does not protect against STI’s The Patch The Patch Nuvaring – Vaginal ring folded & inserted high into the vagina Release hormones Release hormones Replace every 3 weeks Replace every 3 weeks Condom back - up Condom back - up

Surgical Vasectomy Cutting of Vas Deferens Prevent release of sperm during Ejaculation Permanent After 1-2 months 99.85% effective. Tubal Ligation Tubes Tied Banded, cauterized, tied and cut Permanent 5 out of 1,000 women after 1 year. 5 years following tubal ligation, about 13 out of 1,000 women will have become pregnant

Natural Methods The calendar rhythm method- calculating a woman's fertile period on the calendar. Calculated by last 12 menstrual periods to avoid ovulation. Withdrawal 75%-80% 75%-80% 1 out of 22 couples 1 out of 22 couplesHope