Genetics By: Mikael Mara

Genetics What is inheritance?

Genetics Inheritance is the passing on of genes from parent to offspring. Why does it matter? Why were scientific discoveries so slow at first?

Objectives By the end of the lesson, students should be able to…  Differentiate between dominant and recessive alleles.  Comprehend how Punnett Squares work.  Utilize new vocabulary words.  Provide examples for new vocabulary words.

Gregor Mendel  The Father of Genetics  From Austria  Augustinian Monk  1857; worked with garden peas

Vocab True-breeding: when flowers self-pollinate, all their offspring are of the same variety

Vocab Character: a heritable feature, such as petal color, facial features, etc.

Vocab Trait: a variant of a character, i.e. blue vs. brown eyes

Vocab Hybridization: the mating, or crossing, of two true-breeding organisms.

Generations  P generation: paternal; first mating  F1 generation: filial generation (result of Ps mating/crossing)  F2 generation: second filial generation(result of F1s mating/crossing)

P

Discovery Gene: “heritable factor;” unit of inheritance Allele: alternate version of a gene Dominant allele: one that is expressed in the organism’s physical appearance Recessive allele: one that is not expressed in the organism’s physical appearance in the presence of a dominant allele

Law of Segregation Also known as: Mendel’s First Law An inheritable trait (gene) is controlled by a pair of alleles which separate when making gametes—during meiosis! gzqiQ&feature=relmfu

Discovery Homozygous: having a pair of identical alleles for a given character Heterozygous: having a pair of different alleles for a given character Genotype: the genetic makeup of an organism Phenotype: an organism’s observable physical traits

The Punnett Square

Law of Independent Assortment Also known as: Mendel’s Second Law The inheritance of one trait has no effect on the inheritance of another. 8WQ&feature=relmfu

Dihybrid Cross

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