Recognizing Environmental Illness Sports Med 2

Clean Air Please AQI: Air Quality Index – an index for reporting daily air quality. – tells you how clean or polluted the air is, – Reports health effects for you. See chart next screen

How does the AQI work?  AQI runs from 0 to 500.  higher AQI value = greater level of air pollution and greater health concern.  i.e., an AQI value of 50 represents good air quality with little potential to affect public health, while an AQI value over 300 represents hazardous air quality. Standard

Exercising in Hot and Humid environment can cause heat illness. caused a number of deaths over the years Must manage heat stress appropriately and plan accordingly with coaching staffs preventable Training under these conditions = increase risk

Read Preseason Heat Acclimatization Guidelines for Secondary School Athletics Answer the following questions on your paper 1. Why should we gradual increase heat exposure to athletes? 2. Athletes who do not acclimatize properly could face what kind of risk. 3. What must all athletes undergo before practicing according to the law 4. Define heat acclimatization period and its goal 5. Explain practice, its duration and components 6. Explain walk through and its components 7. Explain recovery period and its components 8. Does the West Ada School District follow the 14-day heat acclimatization period? Explain.

Heat rash (prickly heat) MOI - Result of continuously wet un- evaporated sweat S/S – Benign condition associated with red, raised rash, combined with prickling with sweat TX – Continually toweling the body will prevent

Heat Syncope (fainting) MOI – rapid fatigue and overexposure, blood pooling in extremities S/S – dizziness, nausea and fainting TX – Lay them down in cool environment, replace fluids

Exertional Heat Cramps MOI – excessive water loss and electrolyte imbalance – Working in heat, heavy sweating S/S – Painful muscle twitching and cramps in arms, legs and abdomen TX – fluid ingestion w/electrolytes, light stretching with ice massage – RTP possible but probable continued cramping

Exertional Heat Exhaustion MOI – Result of inadequate fluid replacement – Unable to sustain adequate cardiac output S/S – profuse sweating, thirsty, weight loss, dizziness, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea, hyperventilation, muscle cramps, loss of coordination – Core temperature will be <104 o TX – fluid ingestion (IV replacement if necessary), place in cool environment, remove excess clothing – continue to monitor vital signs

Exertional Heatstroke MOI – Sudden Thermoregulatory failure, deadly S/S – sudden collapse, LOC, CNS dysfunction, flushed hot skin, minimal sweating, increased pulse and respirations, core temperature of > 104 o F TX – Drastic measures must be taken to cool athlete Strip clothing Sponge with cool water Immerse carefully in water Transport to hospital immediately Cool first, transport second – Death may result if not treated appropriately

Exertional Hyponatremia MOI – Low concentration of sodium in the blood S/S – Headache, swelling of hands and feet, nausea, vomiting, lethargy TX – Transport to hospital – Do not hydrate, need sodium increased

Hypothermia Cold, wind and dampness increase chances of hypothermia 65% of body heat is lost through radiation (head and neck 50%) Death is imminent when core temp falls below o F.

Prevention of Hypothermia Dress in thin layers easily added or removed Waterproof and windproof fabrics that allow passage of heat and sweat and allow movement – Hydrate to enhance blood volume

Frost nip MOI Involves, ears, cheek, nose, chin, fingers, and toes Occurs w/ high wind and/or severe cold S/S Skin appears firm with cold painless areas that may peel and blister (24-72 hours) TX Treat with firm pressure, blowing warm air or hands in armpits (if fingers involved) Do not rub

Superficial Frostbite MOI involves only skin and subcutaneous tissue S/S Appears pale, hard, cold and waxy TX When re-warming it will feel numb, then sting and burn may blister and be painful for several weeks

Deep Frostbite MOI frozen tissue requiring hospitalization S/S Tissue will become blotchy red, swollen, painful and may become gangrenous TX - Gradual re-warming is necessary ( F)

Acute Mountain Sickness MOI 1 / 3 will experience when making the jump feet. brain disruption associated w/ sodium potassium imbalance resulting in fluid retention and cellular pressure changes S/S headache, nausea, vomiting, sleep disturbance, and dyspnea TX Oxygen, move down in elevation

Altitude Pulmonary Edema MOI Occurs at ,000 feet. Lungs accumulate fluid in alveolar walls S/S dyspnea, cough, headache, weakness and occasional unconsciousness. TX move to lower altitude and providing oxygen