REPORTED SPEECH =DISCORSO INDIRETTO

Per il DISCORSO DIRETTO usiamo solo..... ‘I’m going to buy a new car’, she said. SAY or TELL? SAY ‘I’m going to buy a new car’, she told. ‘I’m going to buy a new car’, she said to me. ‘I’m going to buy a new car’, she told me. Per il DISCORSO INDIRETTO usiamo..... SAY se non si specifica a chi si sta parlando She said (that) she was going to buy a new car. She told (that) she was going to buy a new car. TELL She told me (that) she was going to buy a new car. se si specifica a chi si sta parlando She said to me (that) she was going to buy a new car.( )

Se il discorso indiretto è introdotto dal verbo ‘dire’ al PRESENTE, i tempi verbali NON cambiano. Come cambiano i tempi verbali dal discorso DIRETTO a quello INDIRETTO? Martha always says to me: ‘I love the way you dress’. Martha always tells me (that) she loves the way I dress. Martha mi dice sempre: ‘Mi piace tanto come ti vesti’. Martha mi dice sempre che le piace tanto come mi vesto. Ovviamente cambiano i pronomi personali (o eventualmente gli aggettivi possessivi) per dare senso alla frase.

Se il discorso indiretto è introdotto dal verbo ‘dire’ al PASSATO, i tempi verbali cambiano. Come cambiano i tempi verbali dal discorso DIRETTO a quello INDIRETTO? Martha said: ‘I AM EATING too much’. Martha said (that) she WALKED to school every day. Si fa il cosiddetto SALTO nel PASSATO. SIMPLE PRESENTSIMPLE PAST Martha said: ‘I WALK to school every day’. Martha said (that) she WAS EATING too much. PRESENT CONTINUOUSPAST CONTINUOUS

Come cambiano i tempi verbali dal discorso DIRETTO a quello INDIRETTO? Martha said: ‘I HAVE just BEEN to London’. Martha said (that) she HAD BOUGHT a new mobile. SIMPLE PASTPAST PERFECT Martha said: ‘I BOUGHT a new mobile’. Martha said (that) she HAD never BEEN to Spain before. PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT Martha said (that) she HAD just BEEN to London. PAST PERFECT Martha said: ‘I HAD never BEEN to Spain before’. PAST PERFECT

Come cambiano i tempi verbali dal discorso DIRETTO a quello INDIRETTO? Martha said (that) she HAD BEEN LIVING in Paris for a year. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS Martha said: ‘I HAVE BEEN LIVING in Paris for a year.’. WOULD Martha said: ‘I WILL STUDY more.’ WILL Martha said (that) she WOULD STUDY more. Martha ha detto: ‘Studierò di più.’ Martha ha detto che avrebbe studiato di più. Errore tipico Martha said (that) she WOULD HAVE STUDIED more.

Come cambiano i tempi verbali dal discorso DIRETTO a quello INDIRETTO? Martha said: ‘I MUST WORK harder’. Martha said (that) she COULD SPEAK French quite well. CANCOULD Martha said: ‘I CAN SPEAK French quite well’. Martha said (that) she MIGHT LEAVE soon. MUST MIGHT Martha said (that) she HAD TO WORK harder. HAD TO Martha said: ‘I MAY LEAVE soon’. MAY

Martha said to me: ‘DON’T MAKE noise’. Martha told me TO STUDY more. IMPERATIVE TO INFINITIVE Martha said to me: ‘STUDY more!’ Martha told me NOT TO MAKE noise. NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE NOT + TO INFINITIVE Come cambiano i tempi verbali dal discorso DIRETTO a quello INDIRETTO?

Martha TOLD ME TO STUDY more. Martha ADVISED ME TO STUDY more. mi ha consigliato Martha REMINDED ME TO STUDY more. mi ha ricordato Martha SUGGESTED (that) I should study more. mi ha suggerito mi ha detto Martha ENCOURAGED ME TO STUDY more. mi ha incoraggiato mi ha persuaso Martha PERSUADED ME TO STUDY more. Martha SUGGESTED (that) I study more. mi ha raccomandato Martha RECOMMENDED (that) I should study more. Martha SUGGESTED studying more. Martha RECOMMENDED (that) I study more. Martha RECOMMENDED studying more.

Martha’s vase.

I said: ‘No, I haven’t broken your vase’. Martha ACCUSED me Martha said to me: ‘You’ve broken my vase!’ I DENIED Altri esempi di verbi che si usano per introdurre il DISCORSO INDIRETTO OFING OF BREAKING her vase. ING BREAKING her vase. Martha INSISTED (that) she wanted to see her vase. Martha said several times: ‘I want to see my vase!’ ONING ON SEEING her vase. Martha said: ‘I’ll call dad!’ Martha THREATENED (that) she would call dad. TO CALL dad. Martha INSISTED I DENIED (that) I had broken her vase. Martha THREATENED Martha said: ‘Oh no! Someone’s broken my vase!’ Martha COMPLAINED that someone had broken her vase.

I PROMISED (that) I would buy a new vase. I said: ‘Ok. I’ll buy a new vase.’ Altri esempi di verbi che si usano per introdurre il DISCORSO INDIRETTO TO BUY a new vase. Martha WARNED me (that) I shouldn’t touch her vases again. Martha said: ‘Don’t touch my vases again!’ NOT TO TOUCH her vases again. I said: ‘Ok. I’ll show you your vase!’ I AGREED (that) I would show her her vase. TO SHOW her her vase. I AGREED I PROMISED I said: ‘I’m sorry I’ve broken your vase’. I APOLOGISED FORING FOR BREAKING her vase. Martha WARNED me AGAINSTING AGAINST TOUCHING her vases again. I said: ‘Ok. I’ve broken your vase!’ I ADMITTED (that) I had broken her vase. I ADMITTED ING BREAKING her vase.

DOMANDE nel DISCORSO INDIRETTO Martha asked me where I lived. Martha asked me: ‘Where do you live?’ WH- questions Martha asked me: ‘What is your job?’ Martha asked me what my job was. Yes/No questions Martha asked me: ‘Do you speak French?’ Martha asked me IF I spoke French. Martha asked me WHETHER I spoke French. Le domande diventano indirette, quindi si costruiscono come le frasi affermative.

Martha said she was going to the cinema that evening. Martha said: ‘I’m going to the theatre this evening!’ Alcune espressioni (di tempo) cambiano al DISCORSO INDIRETTO today, this evening, etc. tonight that day, that evening, etc. that night tomorrow, next week, etc. the next / following day the next / following week, etc. yesterday, last week, etc. the previous day / the day before the previous week / the week before, etc. now then

Exercise 3 p Some students suggested going sightseeing on Monday. 1. Some students suggested (that) we (should) go sightseeing on Monday. 2. Your brochure said that I would get a room in a high-class hotel. 3. CORRECT4. CORRECT 5. He threatened his daughter (that) he would not speak to her if she married that man. 5. He threatened not to speak to his daughter again if she married that man. 6. The radio told us not to go anywhere because of the snow.

Exercise 3 p The electric company apologised for not telling me the lights would go out. 7. The electric company apologised for not having told me the lights would go out. 8. Socrates never promised (that) his students would actually learn anything specific.

Exercise 4 p He said (that) he hadn’t broken my coffee mug. 2. He asked (me) if / whether he could help me. 3. He suggested sharing that flat together. 3. He suggested (that) we (should) share that flat together. 4. He apologised for waking me up. 4. He apologised for having woken me up. 5. He promised (that) he would pay me back at the end of that / the month. 5. He promised to pay me back at the end of that / the month. 6. He warned me (that) I shouldn’t touch that wire while the electricity was on. 6. He warned me not to touch that wire while the electricity was on. 6. He warned me against touching that wire while the electricity was on.

Exercise 4 p He threatened (that) he would call the police if I didn’t get out then / immediately. 7. He threatened to call the police if I didn’t get out then / immediately. 8. He said (that) the next / following day was Saturday. He told me not to wake him up before noon.

SPEAKING – PART 4Discussion The examiner asks questions which encourage the candidates to broaden and discuss further the topics introduced in Part 3. This part of the test gives candidates an opportunity to show their ability to exchange information, express and justify their opinions, and agree or disagree with one another. Spoken questions 5 minutes