BELLRINGER:  How long (minutes) is the body’s own oxygen supply?  What is the world record for holding your breath?  Which lung is bigger? Why?  Why do we yawn?

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Jackilyn Malone, RN, BSN Montgomery County ATC

BODY’S OWN O2 SUPPLY  Only 4-6 minutes

BREATHTAKING RECORD  Stig Severenson  2012  Denmark  22 minutes!!

BIGGER LUNG?  The right lung is a little bigger. The left side has to leave a little room for the heart.

WHY DO WE YAWN?  When you are sleepy or drowsy the lungs do not take enough oxygen from the air. This causes a shortage of oxygen in our bodies. The brain senses this shortage of oxygen and sends a message that causes you to take a deep long breath---a YAWN.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM  Lungs  Air passages Nose, pharynx Larynx, trachea Bronchi, bronchioles Alveoli

FUNCTION  Take in oxygen (O2)  Remove carbon dioxide (CO2)

AIRFLOW  Air comes in through nose  Two holes called nares  Turbinates—air bumps off these and the friction warms the air, moistens

AIRFLOW  Warm, moistened air from nose comes down through your pharynx (throat) and on to your larynx (voice box).  Larynx: 9 layers of cartilage including thyroid & vocal cords

AIRFLOW  Air travels from larynx into the trachea (windpipe)  Branches off to two bronchi Right bronchus Left bronchus

AIRFLOW  Bronchi branch out into bronchioles  Bronchioles lead into alveoli Aveloi Little grape like structures million in an adult! These are little sacs that expand for o2/co2 exhange

FOLLOWING AIR THROUGH THE PASSAGES 

LOBES OF THE LUNGS

LOBES  Right lung 3 lobes  Left lung 2 lobes

THE LUNGS  Pleura Membrane that surrounds the lungs to help lubricate (decrease friction) during breathing

THE PROCESS OF BREATHING  Ventilation-exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide Two phases Inspiration Exhalation

INSPIRATION  Inhaling-breathing in  Muscles and diaphragm contract  Air rushes in through airways to alveoli  Exchange of O2 and CO2

EXPIRATION  Exhale—breathe out  Muscles and diaphragm relax  Air is forced out of lungs and airways

RESPIRATION  Inspiration + expiration = Respiration What is the normal respiratory rate for adults? per minute Respiration is controlled by the medulla oblongata. It is involuntary but you can control the rate.

DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES  Asthma  Usually caused by a sensitivity to an allergen such as dust, pollen, an animal or food  Could also be caused by stress, overexertion or infection  S/S: dyspnea, wheezing, coughing, tightness in chest  Tx: bronchodilators, epinepherine, oxygen

DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES  COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)  Any chronic lung disease that results in obstruction of the airway  Ex: emphysema, bronchitis, tuberculosis  Smoking is the primary cause  No cure. Must stop smoking!

DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES  Pleurisy Inflammation of the pleura S/S: sharp stabbing pain while breathing, crepitation, dyspnea, fever Tx: rest and pain medicine, antibiotics sometimes Sometimes also need to drain the fluid

DISEASES AND ABNORMALITIES  Pneumothorax: collapsed lung  Air fills the space between the wall of the chest cavity and the lung (negative pressure) and the lung collapses  Tx: sometimes a chest tube….watch this!   Rural: 

CAREERS:  Pulmonologist  Respiratory therapist  Thoracic surgeon