© 2015 Cengage Learning Chapter 14 Behind Bars: The Life of an Inmate Chapter 14 Behind Bars: The Life of an Inmate © 2015 Cengage Learning

Learning Objective 1 Explain the concept of the prison as a total institution. AP Photo/The State, Jason Clark, File

© 2015 Cengage Learning Prison Culture Goffman suggested that prison cultures are unique because prisons are total institutions that encompass every aspect of an inmate’s life. Inmates develop their own language, or argot, create their own economy and establish methods of determining power.

© 2015 Cengage Learning Prison Culture Prisonization process

© 2015 Cengage Learning Prison Culture Adapting to Prison Culture: – Doing time- follow the rules, do what is necessary to speed up their release – Jailing- establishing themselves in the power structure of prison culture – Gleaning- working to improve themselves to prepare to return to society – Disorganized criminals- mental impairments or low levels of intelligence and find it impossible to adapt to prison culture

© 2015 Cengage Learning Learning Objective 2 Describe a risk run by corrections officials who fail to provide adequate medical care to the inmates under their control.

© 2015 Cengage Learning Prison Culture Brown v. Plata (2011) Needless suffering or death may occur Low level of monitoring Risk of infectious disease transmission for inmates and staff

© 2015 Cengage Learning Learning Objective 3 Indicate some of the reasons for violent behavior in prisons. AP Photo/David Duprey

© 2015 Cengage Learning Prison Violence Violence in prison exists because: – It establishes the prison hierarchy – It provides a deterrent against being victimized – It enhances self-image – In the case of rape, it gives sexual relief – It is a means of acquiring material goods

© 2015 Cengage Learning Prison Violence The Deprivation Model Stressful and oppressive conditions of prison life lead to aggressive behavior Relative deprivation The gap between what is expected in a certain situation and what is achieved

© 2015 Cengage Learning Prison Violence Riots Prison segregation Prison gangs Security threat groups Prison rape

© 2015 Cengage Learning Prison Violence-STG’s

© 2015 Cengage Learning Learning Objective 4 List and briefly explain the six general job categories among correctional officers. John Smierciak/MCT/Landov

© 2015 Cengage Learning Correctional Officers & Discipline Six general categories among correctional officers: 1.Block officers- supervise cell blocks containing as many as 400 inmates 2.Work detail officers- supervise inmate details 3.Industrial shop and school officers- maintenance and security functions in workshop and educational programs

© 2015 Cengage Learning Correctional Officers & Discipline 1.Yard officers- work on the prison yard 2.Tower guards- isolated, silent post above grounds facility 3.Administrative building assignments- security at prison gates, visitation, liaisons for civilians

© 2015 Cengage Learning Learning Objective 5 Describe the hands-off doctrine of prisoner law and indicate the two standards used to determine if prisoners’ rights have been violated. Noah Berger/Bloomberg via Getty Images

© 2015 Cengage Learning Correctional Officers & Discipline Legitimate security interests justified when correction officer is: – Acting in self-defense – Acting to defend the safety of a 3 rd person – Upholding the rules of the institution – Preventing a crime – Preventing an escape effort

© 2015 Cengage Learning Correctional Officers & Discipline Deliberate Indifference Standard – Estelle v. Gamble – This standard must be met by inmates trying to prove that their Eighth Amendment rights were violated. Deliberate Indifference – Estelle v. Gamble (1976) Wilson v. Seiter (1991) Identifiable Human Needs

© 2015 Cengage Learning Learning Objective 6 Explain the aspects of imprisonment that prove challenging for incarcerated mothers and their children. AP Photo/Whitney Curtis

© 2015 Cengage Learning Inside a Women’s Prison 1.7 million American children have a mother who is incarcerated. Pseudofamilies- inmates play specific roles of family members. Sexual violence and prison staff- sexual victimization is high in women’s prisons.

© 2015 Cengage Learning Return to Society Parole is based on three concepts: 1.Grace-Has no right to early release, but gov’t has granted him/her that privilege. 2.Contract of consent- conditions in return for continued freedom. 3.Custody – still belongs to the state, even out of prison. An extension of corrections. Other forms of Release: – Expiration release-”Maxing Out” – Pardon- released by Governor or other official. – Furlough-short time out.

© 2015 Cengage Learning Return to Society Parole Revocation: – Maximum expiration date – Parole violations – Technical violations

© 2015 Cengage Learning Learning Objective 8 Explain the goal of prisoner reentry programs. AP Photo/The Daily Record, Jeff Shane

© 2015 Cengage Learning Return to Society Reentry programs: – Promote desistance – Focus on the transition from prison to the community – Involve a treatment curriculum that continues after release Work release programs Halfway houses Second Chance Legislation

© 2015 Cengage Learning Learning Objective 9 Indicate typical conditions for release for a paroled child molester. AP Photo/Francis Specker

© 2015 Cengage Learning Return to Society Conditions of release: – No contact with children under 16 – Continued psychiatric treatment – Permission to change residences – Stay a certain distance from schools/parks – Cannot own toys that could lure children – Cannot have job that involves interacting with children

© 2015 Cengage Learning Return to Society Sex offender notification law Active notification- authorities directly notify the community or community representatives. Passive notification- information on sex offenders is made open and available for public scrutiny.

© 2015 Cengage Learning Discussion Questions Research you state’s sex offender registry. Discuss what type of notification this is and why. While on the site, research your own address and discuss with the class the amount and type of crimes committed by the sex offenders who live in proximity of you.

© 2015 Cengage Learning Discussion Questions Imagine yourself on a parole board. You have the ability to develop a checklist of items to which you will apply to a current inmate that comes before you applying for parole release. Discuss with the class what factors are on your list. What will you consider towards the inmate to grant or deny parole. Allow all other students the opportunity to discuss this as well.

© 2015 Cengage Learning Discussion Questions Research and discuss the reentry programs in your area. Discuss the effectiveness of these programs. Further discuss what crime types you believe should be applicable to these programs.