SPS4. Students will investigate the arrangement of the Periodic Table. a. Determine the trends of the following: -Number of valence electrons -Types of ions formed by representative elements -Location of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids -Phases at room temperature b. Use the Periodic Table to predict the above properties for representative elements.

VOCAB of the Periodic Table Period: a row of elements on a periodic table Group: a column of elements on a periodic table ** Share similar characteristics!!

Periods The elements in each period have the same number of shells

Groups Except for He, it has 2 electrons The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons” The elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons

Classifications of the periodic table Metal: good conductors; shiny; high melting points Nonmetal: usually gasses Metalloids: share characteristics of both a metal and nonmetal As you move from LEFT to RIGHT across the periodic table you go from METAL to METALLOID to NONMETAL

IMPORTANT GROUPS Alkali Metals: Group 1 Alkaline Earth Metals: Group 2 The Halogens: Group 7/17 The Noble Gasses: Group 8/18; do not form bonds because all energy levels are filled!

Determine the number of shells and the number of valence electrons for: Carbon Sodium Neon Helium

Charges on the periodic table

SPS5. Students will compare and contrast the phases of matter as they relate to atomic and molecular motion. a. Compare and contrast the atomic/molecular motion of solids, liquids, gases and plasmas. b. Relate temperature, pressure, and volume of gases to the behavior of gases.

Classifications of Matter: Vocab Physical Changes: changes that alter the size, shape, or location of a substance but NOT its chemical state (ex. States of matter) Chemical Changes: changes that alter the chemical makeup of the substance being changed; a new substance is usually formed. This change also cannot be easily reversed (ex. Burning)

Mixture: a combination of 2 or more substances Heterogeneous: visually different throughout Homogenous: visually the same throughout Pure Substances: Matter that has definite chemical or physical properties Elements: A substance where all the atoms are the same Compounds: 2 or more elements chemically combined

Solids Shape: Definite Volume: Definite Speed of Molecules: Vibrating; little movement

Liquids Shape: Indefinite Volume: Definite Speed of Molecules: Moving more freely; sliding

Gasses Shape: Indefinite Volume: Indefinite Speed of Molecules: Moving quickly

Plasma Positively and Negatively charged particles Extremely high temps Ex. Lightening

Gas Laws Boyle’s Law: As volume decreases, pressure increases – Ex. Squeezing a balloon until it pops Gay-Lussac’s Law: As temperature increases, pressure increases – Ex. Tire bursting on a hot day Charles’ Law: As temperature increases, volume increases – Ex. Popcorn Bag

Flashcard VOCAB Words! SPS4 Group Period Metal Nonmetal Metalloid Alkali Metals Alkaline Metals Halogens Noble Gasses Valence Electrons SPS5 Physical Change Chemical Change Mixture Pure Substance Homogenous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Element Compound Solids Liquid Gas Plasma Boyle’s Law Charles’ Law Gay-Lussac’s Law