Leap-frogging towards water resilience in Dar es Salaam and Addis Ababa Lise Herslund and Antje Backhaus Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resource.

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Presentation transcript:

Leap-frogging towards water resilience in Dar es Salaam and Addis Ababa Lise Herslund and Antje Backhaus Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Session: Water for all IARU Sustainability Science Congress, Copenhagen October 2014

Dar es Salaam Addis Ababa

Dar es Salaam Addis Ababa Source: UN-DESA Population Division (2012). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2011 Revision. +2.1M +4.6M Population growth

Water deficit Dar es Salaam Addis Ababa Source: Early estimate based on various sources. demand supply demand supply

Dar es Salaam Addis Ababa Source: Early estimate based on various sources. Flooding & erosion

Option 1: Do nothing

Option 2: Local coping strategies

Option 3: Grey infrastructure

Option 4: Green infrastructure

Infiltration Evaporation Retention Use ‘Landscape based stormwater management’ Less costly Connection to other functions Step by step implementation More adaptable … than grey infrastructure

Water Resilient Green Cities in Africa September 2013 – August

L M S

Hypothesis The cities can leapfrog Urban water resilience can be improved by establishing a strong green infrastructure that can -reduce the impact of floods and -provide day-to-day services to the citizens (such as water supply, food, open space)

Leap-frogging activities Mind-set change of championsStrategies, plans and pilot tests Activities Identify champions and stakeholders on city, catchment and local level Course and envisioning workshop for professionals becoming champions Curriculum development master course Involvement of champions in strategy and plan development Design charrettes in pilot communities Assessment of feasibility of blue-green structure management Collection of various field data Develop strategies for using the landscape for water management -City and catchment level strategies -Pilot community strategies -1:1 demonstrations projects

Leap-frogging activities Mind-set change of championsStrategies, plans and pilot tests Activities Identify champions and stakeholders on city, catchment and local level Course and envisioning workshop for professionals becoming champions Curriculum development master course Involvement of champions in strategy and plan development Design charrettes in pilot communities Desktop based assessment of feasibility of blue- green structure management Collection of various field data Develop strategies for using the landscape for water management -City and catchment level strategies -Pilot community strategies -1:1 demonstrations projects

Water balance estimates Addis Ababa Dar es Salaam

Water balance estimates

53% of annual runoff 81% of future demand

Leap-frogging activities Mind-set change of championsStrategies, plans and pilot tests Activities Identify and involve stakeholders on city, catchment and local level Course and envisioning workshop for professionals - becoming champions Master course curriculum development Involvement of champions in strategy and plan development Design charrettes in pilot communities Desktop based assessment of feasibility of blue-green structure management Collection of various field data Develop strategies for using the landscape for water management -City and catchment level strategies -Pilot community strategies -1:1 demonstrations projects

Stakeholder workshops to date City structure plan team and local government officers in Addis Ababa Engineers and planners in Dar es Salaam Pilot river catchment stakeholders in Addis Ababa Strongly agreeAgreeNeutralDisagree Strongly disagree Flooding is a serious problem in the area Drought is a serious problem in the area At present, flooding is adequately coped with in the area Landscape based water management will effectively help mitigating flood problems There is much certainty about the capacity of landscape based water mgt as a means to mitigate floods

What champions? National City Catchment Case sites Water and Sewerage utilities Farmers cooperations Water or Environmental commitees Different woredas Urban Planners Solid Waste Managers Green Space Managers Funeral savings groups Ministeries Env. protection agencies Condominium development committees Basin Authority Housing Dept

Leap-frogging activities Mind-set change of championsStrategies, plans and pilot tests Activities Identify champions and stakeholders on city, catchment and local level Course and envisioning workshop for professionals Curriculum development master course Involvement of champions in strategy and plan development Design charrettes in pilot communities Desktop based assessment of feasibility of blue-green structure management Collection of various field data Develop strategies for using the landscape for water management -City and catchment level strategies -Pilot community strategies -1:1 demonstrations projects

The everyday life perspective Down-stream Flooding, siltation and pollution Living with flooding – how? Up-stream Water supply shortage Erosion and stormwater flushes Wastewater and solid waste – disposed in environment Poor construction - increased water demand for toilet flushing Holding on to more water – how? Opportunities Retention of water and rainwater harvesting Waste management and alternative sanitation Collective solutions – how?

Leap-frogging activities Mind-set change of championsStrategies, plans and pilot tests Activities Identify champions and stakeholders on city, catchment and local level Course and envisioning workshop for professionals Curriculum development master course Involvement of champions in strategy and plan development Design charrettes in pilot communities Desktop based assessment of feasibility of blue-green structure management Collection of various field data Develop strategies for using the landscape for water management -City and catchment level strategies -Pilot community strategies -1:1 demonstrations projects

Catalogue of (early) ideas

First results Challenges – encroachment of green areas – multi-functional use? – pollution – lack of collective and coordinated practices to prevent floods and drought – mind-set change in city departments – fragmented institutional set up Opportunities – water supply potential – rain water harvesting – local projects with multiple benefits – awareness of the problems with floods and drought at both city and local level – top down and bottom up approaches – powerful champions

So how to leapfrog? The water balance – there is water! Local collective projects with multiple benefits - Addressing both flooding and water supply but also waste management Mind-set change in city departments - Why increase expensive centralized systems if large amounts are lost in the distribution system?