Unit 1: A New Beginning The French and Indian War (Seven Years War): The War that Shaped America’s Destiny

Bell Ringer Based on yesterday’s lesson what do you think were possible causes for The French and Indian War?

Learning Target I can explain the causes and effects of the French and Indian War on North Carolina. Concept: Conflict

Essential Standards 8.H H H H.3.4

Two Column Notes – The French and Indian War As we go through the presentation, use the handouts to complete your Two-Column Notes.

French Possessions In North America

English Possessions In North America

French in North America British in North America Native Americans

French in North America British in North America Assessment Prompt 1:The Ohio River Valley is ready to explode! Why?(Think about who owned what land and what each side wanted.)

French and Indian War Reasons For the War: A. B. 1. Fur Trade 2. Land A. B. C. D. 3. Indian Relations A. B. C.

The Fur Trade A. Earliest & most important industry for French (business) in North America B. 1500s-1800s Beaver fur was used to make hats, they were the fashion in Europe. * One of the causes of the French and Indian War.

Beaver Fur Beaver Trap

* Another cause of the French and Indian War. A. English colonists bought 500,000 acres of land in the Ohio Valley to farm. B. This would hurt the French colonial fur trade. * This brought economic, religious, and political conflict between the English and French in the Ohio River Valley. 2. Land

French in North America Land was originally claimed by French explorers. French fur traders used the Ohio River area for fur trading. C. French gov’t built forts to stop English taking the land.

The English colonies grew and prospered. New colonists were looking for more land. Free or cheap land offered new opportunities and economic freedom. D. English government built forts and started to grant land to its citizens. British in North America

A. French have better relationships with Indians. B. English wanted to take their land for farming. Most French colonists were fur traders and trappers. C. French only wanted the fur. They didn’t want to stay on the land. They lived among the Indians and adopted their ways. They learned to make canoes, trap animals, make snow shoes, and etc.. They learned Native American languages. They took Indian brides. Bi-racial children 3. Indian Relations

Assessment Prompt 1Think- Pair-Share Which of the three reasons for The French and Indian War do you think is the most important? Why?

French and Indian War

Bell Ringer What were three reasons for the French and Indian War?

French in North America British in North America The English attack French Fort Duquesne. The attack was a disaster and was the beginning of the French and Indian War.

French in North America British in North America The war is fought on two continents (North America and Europe)

 In America, they fought over control of the entire Western frontier including the Ohio River Valley.  In Europe, France and England began to fight in what was called the Seven Years War. War

French and Indian War Advantages of Each Side 1. British/American Advantages: A. B C. D. 2. French Advantages: A. B. C.

1. British/American Colonies A. Larger Population ▪ 1,485,000 B. Militias ▪ Poorly organized and equipped. 1. They were ready at a moment’s notice. 2. Fighting the Indians for over a 100 years. C. Self-supporting ▪ Produced enough food and supplies. D. Britain controlled the seas. 2. French Colonies  Single Colonial Government A. One government meant less discussion during decision making. (American colonists didn’t always agree to follow British orders) B. Pattern of Settlement ▪ Clustered together 1. Towns were close together C. Well-fortified positions ▪ Build high on cliffs. Advantages of Each Side

French and Indian War Disadvantages of Each Side 1. British/American Disadvantages: A. 1. B. 2. French Disadvantages: A. B. C

1. British/American Colonies A. Colonial Assemblies 1. Each colony jealously guarded its own power. B. Fighting an Offensive War ▪ Attack Quebec and Montreal to win the war. 2. French Colonies A. Smaller Population ▪ 75,000 B. Depended on Imports ▪ British controlled the seas. C. Troops 1. France sent few troops over. 2. Defense fell to the fur trading companies. Disadvantages of Each Side

Assessment Prompt Explain how conflict over resources plays a pivotal role in causing wars.

French and Indian War Native American Involvement 1. British/American Allies: A. 1. B. 2. French Allies: A

1. British/American Colonies A. Iroquois League 1. Mostly neutral, but did fight occasionally. B. Chief of the Mohawks  Joseph Brant  Became a colonel in the British army. 2. French Colonies A. Algonquins, Ottawas & the Hurons 1. Longtime trading partners 2. Didn’t trust the land grabbing white settlers. Native American Involvement

Assessment Prompt – Think- Pair-Share What role did the Native Americans play in the French and Indian War?

The American Colonies and the war.

French and Indian War Albany Plan A. B. C. D. Battle of Quebec A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H.

The Albany Plan BENFRANKLINBENFRANKLIN

A Delegates from nine of the thirteen colonies met in Albany, New York. B.Ben Franklin (drew it up), delegate from Pennsylvania came to Albany with a “Plan of Union” or “Albany Plan”, a loose union or compact between the colonies. C.A promise from the colonies to work together. D. The plan failed because the colonial assemblies and the British Parliament rejected it. The Albany Plan

Assessment Prompt Why did the Albany Plan fail?

Written by James Fenimore Cooper The Last of the Mohicans is part of a series of four books called The Leatherstocking Tales. Follows the life of a colonial boy and his Native American friend. The Last of the Mohicans

Battle of Quebec A.Turning Point of War B.September 13, 1759 C.British approach Quebec by sea and climb cliffs- surprise attack D.Plains of Abraham E.French caught off guard.

Battle of Quebec F.Commanders of both armies die in battle G. British claim victory H. French surrender in America a year later on September 6, 1760 British General-James Wolf’s death at Quebec

Assessment Prompt Predict what you think happened to the French at the end of the War. Share your thoughts with your partner.

French and Indian War War Ends A. B. Results of the French and Indian War A. B. 1. C.

War Ends * France and Britain continued fighting in Europe for three more years A.Treaty of Paris is signed on February 10, 1763-this ends the war. B.France surrenders all land in North America to Britain

Results of War A.Britain gained control over half the North American continent, including French Canada, all French territorial claims-everything east of the Mississippi River, and Spanish Florida. B.Another result of the war was - British decide to reevaluate their relationship with the colonies. 1. Want to re-establish control. C.The British government also faced pressing financial problems. They owed a lot of money. 1.Britain began fighting in 1754 with a national debt of approximately 75 million pounds, but the war effort caused the debt to soar to 133 million pounds by 1763.

Proclamation Line of 1763 The British declared that American colonists would not be allowed to set up or keep settlements west of an imaginary line running down the crest of the Appalachian Mountains. The proclamation acknowledged that Native Americans owned the lands on which they were then residing and white settlers in the area were to be removed. Appalachian Mountains Mississippi River

Topic: French and Indian War French vs. British & American Colonists--with Indians fighting on both sides. War in North America and Europe War is over land, farming and furs. Ben Franklin draws a political cartoon and writes the Albany Plan to try and get the colonies to work together. Britain and the British colonists won the war!! The Treaty of Paris, 1763, officially ends the war. France looses North America and the British take over their land. Proclamation Line of 1763 which is England’s attempt to control the colonies Most Important Things to Remember!

Summary Explain how the taxes that came to be because of the French and Indian War led to the eventual American Revolution.