The Periodic Table

Alkaline Earth Metals Metals Noble Gases Halogen Gases Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Metals The Periodic Table Non- metals

Alkaline Earth Metals The Periodic Table metalloids - found near the staircase - sometimes act like metals, sometimes act like non-metals

Group/Family vertical columns (1 to 18) elements in each family have similar properties have the same number of electrons in the outer shell i.e. valence electrons The Periodic Table GROUPS

Alkaline Earth Metals The Periodic Table valence electron 2 val e - 3 val e - 4 val e - 5 val e - 6 val e - 7 val e - 8/full val e -

Periods horizontal rows (1 to 7) indicate the number of electron shells The Periodic Table Periods

The Periodic Table electron shell 2 electron shells 3 electron shells 4 electron shells 5 electron shells 6 electron shells 7 electron shells

Properties of Metals and Non-Metals PropertyMetalsNonmetals lustreshinydull malleability:malleablebrittle conductivityconductorsmostly insulators statemostly solidssolids, gas, liquids reacts with acidmostly yesno

Recall: atoms are made up of 3 subatomic particles atoms are electrically neutral Atomic Models Name of ParticleSymbolElectrical Charge Mass (AMU) Location in Atom proton electron neutron p+p+ + 1 nucleus e-e- - 0 ring around nucleus n0n0 0 1 nucleus

Atomic Models atomic # = p + = e - mass # = p + + n 0 # neutrons = mass # - atomic # Atomic number: represents the number of protons in the atom the number of protons __________________________ Atomic mass: represents the total mass of the atom (from the nucleus only  protons & neutrons) Mass number: represents the atomic mass rounded off To calculate the number of neutrons: equals the number of electrons

Bohr Model of An Atom orbits nucleus valence orbit Orbit #Max # of e - s atomic # p + = Example: Na e - = mass # n o = (23 – 11) p + n 0

proper diagram electron configuration short form Bohr Model of An Atom Na 11p 12n 11p 12n 2 – 8 – 1 281

H 1p 0n He 2p 2n Li 3p 4n N 7p 7n O 8p 8n F 9p 10n Ne 10p 10n Na 11p 12n Si 14p 14n P 15p 16n Cl 17p 18n S 16p 16n Ar 18p 22n K 19p 20n Be 4p 5n B 5p 6n Al 13p 14n Ca 20p 20n C 6p 6n Mg 12p 12n (Electron Arrangements in Atoms) 12 2,1 2,22,32,4 2,5 2,6 2,72,8 2,8,12,8,22,8,3 2,8,4 2,8,82,8,7 2,8,62,8,5 2,8,8,2 2,8,8,1 Electron Configurations Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams

ElementSym- bol Atomic Number Atomic Mass Mass Number Number of Protons Number of Neutrons Electrons #e - e - configuration hydrogen lithium potassium beryllium magnesium boron aluminum carbon silicon nitrogen phosphorus oxygen sulfur chlorine helium neon Use the periodic table to fill in the following chart.

The chemical properties of an element describe how it reacts with other substances. This is known as its reactivity. The reactivity of an element depends on the: the number of valence electrons (i.e.) the number of electrons in the outermost shell Atoms would ‘like’ to have a complete (full) valence orbit The Noble Gases like helium or neon do not react with other elements because: they have complete valence orbits Elements are placed in groups (vertical columns) in the periodic table depending on: the number of valence electrons in their outer most shell

Homework Complete Chart (hydrogen  neon) Complete the Periodic Table Handout

1.The periodic table is a classification system for all _________________. 2.Each element has its own box. The name of the element is found at the ___________of the box. 3.At the top left hand corner we find the ______________________. 4.The symbol is found _________________________________. 5.The symbol is usually _______ or _______ letters, the first of which is always a _____________ l etter and the second is always a ______________ letter. The Periodic Table Homework elements bottom atomic number in the middle one two capital lowercase

6. Above the name of each element we find the ___________________. 7.Most of the elements in the table are ________________ represented by different colours; found mostly on the _______________ hand side of the table. 8.The tan colour represents the __________ metals. 9.The darker turquoise colour represents the __________________metals 10.The purple colour represents the _________________ metals. 11.Most of the non-metals, represented by a ______________ colour, are found in the columns on the ____________ hand side of the table. 12.A yellow colour represents a very reactive group of non-metals called the _____________. The Periodic Table Homework atomic mass number metals left alkali alkaline earth transition brown right halogens

13.The numbers of the columns represent the family the elements belong to. The numbers of each column represent the number __________________ in the outer shell. 14.The most unreactive elements are found in the green column in the ________________ of the table. They are represented by a _______________ colour. These elements are found in nature mostly as _______________. Because these elements refuse to form bonds with other elements they are named the _________________________. The Periodic Table Homework of electrons a.k.a. valence electrons right green gases noble gases

SymbolElement NameGroup #Group NameReactivity Cl Al He Si Li Mg 15.Reactivity is a chemical property, describing how quickly an element reacts with another. Elements in columns: 1 & 7 are the most reactive 2 & 6 are very reactive 3 & 4 are reactive 8 are non-reactive 16.Find the name of the following elements. Discuss their reactivity & how this reactivity is related to their most common uses. chlorine7halogensmost reactive aluminum3metalsreactive helium8 noble gasesnon-reactive silicon4non-metals reactive lithium1 alkali metalsmost reactive magnesium2alkaline earth metals very reactive

ElementSym- bol Atomic Number Atomic Mass Mass Number Number of Protons Number of Neutrons Electrons #e - e - configuration hydrogenH lithiumLi potassiumK – 8 – berylliumBe magnesiumMg – boronB aluminumAl – carbonC siliconSi – nitrogenN phosphorusP – oxygenO sulfurS – chlorineCl – heliumHe neonNe – 8 Use the periodic table to fill in the following chart.