{ Physical and Chemical Properties What you need to know

Physical Properties

–Describes the physical characteristics / attributes of the substance. Qualitative: what the substance looks like, feels like, tastes like, smells like, sounds like. Quantitative: numerical properties such as phase at certain temperatures, density, melting/freezing point, etc.

1. Color

2.Physical States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma What is Plasma?

 Plasma is a bunch of electrons that have escaped from their proton and neutron friends and are on their own.  Examples are lightning, neon signs, fire, and the aurora borealis (the northern lights) More about Plasma

Examples of Plasma

3. Freezing, Melting and Boiling Points The points at which objects change from solid to liquid (melting), and change from a liquid to a gas.

4. Mass, Volume, Density

 Clarity relates to how easily and likely light will pass through a piece of matter.  Transparent – Light shines right through.  Translucent – Some light passes through, but appears cloudy  Opaque – allows no light to shine through 5. Clarity

 Refers to matter’s ability to be shiny or dull.  Which objects in this classroom have luster and which ones do not have luster? 6. Luster

 Crystalline solids – are arranged into regular shapes based on a cube  Salt, quartz, diamonds  Amorphous solids – have no specific form or standard internal structure  Have a difficult time deciding if they want to be solid or not.  Wax, rubber, glass 7. Form

 Texture describes how matter feels.  Fine  Coarse  Smooth  waxy 8. Texture

 Can it be scratched easily  Mohs Hardness Scale of 1-10  1 = talcum powder  10 = diamond 9. Hardness

Mohs Hardness Scale

 Can it break apart or shatter easily? 10. Brittleness

 Can it be folded into different shapes?  Malleable or non- malleable. 11. Malleability

 Can it be stretched into long wire?  Ductile or non- ductile 12. Ductility

 Can the substance flow?  Viscous or non- viscous 13. Viscosity

Clarification Chemical properties is really determined by how a substance reacts or does not react to other substances (to make a new substance). –Examples of some Chemical Properties: i.e. iron will react with oxygen to produce rust. i.e. Silver reacts with sulfur to form tarnish i.e. Gold does NOT react with oxygen or sulfur i.e. Baking Soda is NOT flammable (does not react to oxygen)

Chemical Properties Recap Chemical: –How a substance reacts with other substances. + = Fizzing

Let’s see just how that works On the next slide is a table of two twins, Megan & Emily, and what is known about their feelings towards other people. See if you can use this information to identify the twin in question.

BFF! She’s a Witch! Whoa – He’s HOT! Don’t like the “Go-T”!!!! Just Friends.I think she’s nice. Nice Eyes.Love the Fuzz. A Bit Extreme Shy & Nice

Here’s the Scenario + = + = Who is it? Megan or Emily? ? ?

Analogy Physical properties are like describing a person or substance. Chemical properties are like describing a substances relationship (or reaction) with another substance.

Chemical properties - Examples Examples of chemical properties include: – The ability to burn – Ability to tarnish – Ability to rust – Ability to decompose – Ability to react with other chemicals – Instability – Ability to do acid/base reactions

Chemical properties List as many chemical properties as you can for this item.

Chemical and physical properties – So what? Titanium is very strong and doesn’t rust, so it is often used in jet engines. Titanium is also nonallergenic. This, combined with the fact that it is rust proof makes it great for artificial joints as well as piercings.

Chemical and physical properties – So what? Tungsten is usually used as the filament in lightbulbs because it has the highest melting point of any metal. It glows red hot when electricity runs through it, and it gives off both heat and light.

Chemical and physical properties – So what? Vanadium is heavier and harder than titanium, so mixing a tiny bit of vanadium with steel can make cheap tools that are still very strong.

Chemical and physical properties – So what? Helium is almost completely nonreactive (inert). It is lighter than air, so it’s great for floating balloons (or making funny voices.) When electricity runs through helium, it glows a creamy pale peach color.

Chemical and physical properties – So what? In 1943, all US pennies were made of zinc plated steel because copper was being used in the war. The pennies had to be coated with zinc because steel will rust, but zinc won’t.

Chemical and physical properties – So what? Sulfur smells awful. Rotten eggs, onions, and garlic all have sulfur in them. Stink bombs use sulfur to create a bad smell. Sulfur is also flammable, and it is one of the 3 main ingredients in gun powder.

Chemical and physical properties – So what? Chromium is famous for its intense luster. Chrome plated tools, jewlery, silverware, or car parts are very popular.

Chemical and physical properties – So what? Most bullets are made of lead because lead is a very dense metal. These bullets are required, by international law, to be coated with a different metal because lead has such a low melting point and is so malleable.

Chemical and physical properties – So what? The most dense elements are Iridium and osmium which have a density of about 22.6 g/cm3