Select a photo from the board Glue into notebook – Assignment #30 On the side, write at least 5 comments, questions, thoughts, comparisons to the assembly line activity, etc.

HOW WAS YOUR EXPERIENCE THE SAME OR DIFFERENT FROM THE FOLLOWING PHOTOS?

During yesterday’s assembly line experience, many people expressed frustration or discontent but nobody actually did anything about it. What could you have done?

Labor Unions Emerge

As business leaders joined forces, it seemed necessary for workers to do the same.

Factory Facts an average of 675 laborers were killed in work-related accidents each week Many factories demanded 7-day work weeks Employees were not entitled to vacation, sick pay, leave unemployment compensation, or reimbursement for injuries on the job. Wages were so low that many families could not survive unless everyone (including children) had a job Between 1890 & 1910, the number of women working for wages doubled (from 4 million to more than 8 million) 20% of boys and 10% of girls under age 15 (some as young as 5) held full-time jobs Sweatshop jobs paid the lowest wages – often as little as 27 cents for a child’s 14-hour day 1899 – women earned an average of $267 a year, while men earned $498 (the same year, Carnegie made $23 million)

2 Types of Unions Craft Unions – the joining of skilled workers from one or more trades Industrial Unions – the joining of skilled and unskilled workers from a specific industry

Management & Government Pressure Unions The more powerful unions became, the more employers/management (bosses) feared them –refused to recognize unions as representatives for workers –Forbade union meetings –Fired union members –Forced employees to sign “yellow-dog” contracts swearing they would not join a union

Industrial Workers of the World Aka the Wobblies Founded by Eugene v. Debs –US Presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States –one of the best-known socialists living in the US First major attempt to reach all workers (industrial union) Wage system should be abolished All workers should be in one class

American Federation of Labor alliance different craft unions Founded by Samuel Gompers Higher wages, shorter work weeks, & job security against socialism Used strikes as major tactic

Knights of Labor Largest US labor organization in 1880s Rejected socialism 8-hour work day, “equal pay for equal work” accepted all workers regardless of race, gender, or skill level Saw strikes as last resort

Mary Harris “Mother” Jones most prominent labor organizer in women’s labor Joined United Mine Workers of America Endured jail and death threats Led strikes Led 80 mill children to Roosevelt’s home to expose cruelties of child labor

Government –Laws tried to restrict the effectiveness of unions –Troops would help put down strikes –Courts often sided with management

If you were a manager/employer, would you have liked unions? Why?

What might you do to try to get rid of unions or reduce their effectiveness?

“ Women Leadership in Reform” Jigsaw pages Women in Higher EducationWomen and Reform The Fight for the VoteA Three-Part Strategy for Suffrage

Propaganda Poster For (Guys) or Against (Ladies) Based on your section, create a fully colored or shaded propaganda poster for or against that topic. Include: * catchy, convincing slogan * visual * at least 1 piece of info from the reading * your topic –Women in Higher Education –Women and Reform –The Fight for the Vote –A Three-Part Strategy for Suffrage

Craft Union or Industrial Union? LeaderWhat did they do to try to solve their problems? Successes (What did they accomplish)? Knights of Labor (blue 245) American Federation of Labor (AFL) blue 245 Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) blue 246 Directions: Create the above graphic organizer in IN. Read blue and complete the chart.

Open-Note Quiz 1.List 3 ways in which employers or the government tried to discourage union activity. 2.The _______________ of 1890 made it illegal to form a trust. 3.Alarmed at the tactics of industrialists, critics began to call them ____________. 4.Social philosophers explained Carnegie’s success with the theory of ___________. 5.How did Henry Ford “democratize” the automobile? 6.Was the AFL an example of a craft union or industrial union? 7.Which industry did Carnegie “revolutionize?” 8.List 3 effects of the use of assembly lines in factories. 9.How was Rockefeller an example of Carnegie’s Gospel of Wealth? 10.Complete this sentence: According to Social Darwinism, the poor…