DO NOW Open your textbook to Page 34 Where does Earth gets it’s energy ? The Sun

Do Now Sept. 17, 2012 Open your book to page 34 How is energy and matter added to and removed from the Earth system? –Added: sunlight and Earth’s interior - meteorites –Removed: radiation into space, spacecraft

Do Now Open book to page 34 (figure 4) What percentage of incoming solar radiation is absorbed by water and land? 51% How much is reflected by water and land? 4%

Do Now Open book to page 33 figure 3 Identify the elements of the 4 spheres in this photo? –Atmosphere = clouds –Geosphere = mountains, trees –Biosphere = trees, moose –Hydrosphere = snow, lake

Do Now Sept. 18, 2012 Open book to Page 36 figure 6 What role do animals play in the nitrogen cycle?

Vocabulary write the definitions and draw a sketch AtmosphereMantle HydrosphereCore GeosphereLithosphere BiosphereMesosphere EcosystemAsthenosphere Carrying capacity Food web Crust

Cycles in the Earth System Nitrogen Cycle Carbon Cycle Phosphorus Cycle Water Cycle

NITROGEN CYCLE Organisms use nitrogen to build proteins Proteins build cells Nitrogen fixing bacteria in soil and roots of plants change nitrogen into nitrogen compounds needed for plant growth Animals eat plants Nitrogen returns to soil by decay of dead plants and animals Nitrogen from the soil re-enters the atmosphere

CARBON CYCLE Short term cycle –Plants change carbon dioxide from air into carbohydrates (food) –Organisms eat plants – plants get carbon from the carbohydrates –Organisms release carbon back into the air Long term cycle –Carbon moves through Earth’s 4 spheres over a long time –Carbon is stored in geosphere in buried plant and animal remains Burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) adds carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere

PHOSPHORUS CYCLE Needed to build cells Moves through all spheres except the atmosphere Enters soil and water when rocks break down and dissolves in water Plants absorb phosphorus through roots Animals absorb phosphorus when they eat plants Animals die and return phosphorus to the soil

WATER CYCLE Liquid water evaporates and becomes water vapor (gas) Water vapor condenses and forms water droplets (liquid) Water returns to surface of Earth through precipitation Precipitation = rain, snow, sleet, hail

Do Now Sept. 18, Name the two sources of external energy. The sun and the moon 2.How is the energy from the sun used on Earth? Warms Earth’s atmosphere and surface Creates wind and ocean currents Plants use the energy to make food

Sketch and label the following cycles : –Solar Radiation (page 34) – done already –Nitrogen Cycle (page 36) –Carbon Cycle (page 37) –Water Cycle (page 38)

Do Now Sept. 19, Why do organisms need nitrogen? We need nitrogen to build proteins to make cells. 2.Describe how carbon dioxide from the atmosphere moves through the carbon cycle back into the atmosphere. Plants use carbon dioxide from the air, animals eat the plants and then we eat the animals to get the carbon. Animals die and carbon returns to the air and soil.