WHAT TO DO: Pick up writing sheet. Sit in assigned seats. Be ready to begin our last new notes for this unit.

WHY DO MIGRANTS FACE OBSTACLES?

INTERVENING OBSTACLE Something that hinders migration Traditionally was environmental or the “long hard journey”  Gone with advances in transportation technology Now it’s political  Visas and passports

CONTROLLING MIGRATION Countries use different criteria to select ppl Most visas given for specific employment & family reunification

USA IMMIGRATION Allowed unrestricted immigration until : Quota Act  1 st time quota is set 3% of 1910 census Favored N. Euro and limits S & E Euro, no limit on LA 1924: 2% of 1910 census 1965: quotas for countries gone; quota on hemisphere Favored W Hemisphere 1978: global quota 290,000; max 20,000/country 1990: global quota increased to 700,000

Because application outnumber quotas, Congress has preferences Family reunification-former immigrants; leads to chain migration; ¾ of visas granted Skilled worker Diversity; “lottery”

EXCEPTIONS & CRITICISMS Refugees don’t count as part of quota Family of U.S. citizens don’t count Criticized b/c contributes to “brain drain” in other countries

UNAUTHORIZED IMMIGRATION Characteristics: Estimated 11.2 million in % are from Mexico Mostly employed in construction, food, cleaning jobs; not usually education, health, finance Most are adults who birth here 4.5 million babies born to unauthorized immigrants In 2010: 35%>15 yrs 28%10-14 yrs 22%5-9 yrs 15%<5 yrs

US-MEXICO BORDER 2000 miles, mostly rural, sparsely guarded Does have legal cross areas US built barrier for about ¼ Why are migrants coming?  Employment Opportunities, Family Reunification, Better Way of Life Mexico loses people to USA & gets ppl from Guatemala  Urges understanding & sympathy for ppl to USA but pushes stronger security against incoming

ATTITUDES TOWARDS IMMIGRANTS USA: Mixed w/biggest issue over unauthorized Europe: freaking about cultural diversity Long distance migrants: usually single males looking for work until 1990s (now women)

CONCERNS Does it help or hurt economy? Immigration laws are vague Border patrols: US wants more but don’t want to fund Work place: don’t conduct raids but encourage citizenship Civil rights: okay w/cops verifying legal status but no profiling Local initiatives: say it’s a fed problem but not equal concern USA has always had bad attitudes towards immigrants

EUROPE No restrictions on other Europeans Flowing E to W for jobs; N to S for climate Non-Euros = not okay but they fill jobs open due to low population growth Stricter laws/harsher treatment Europe settled most of the world and their culture spread  Emigrants Led to conflicts w/indigenous & rural countries Blended with native culture NA, Australia, SA  cultural ties

things you have learned this unit 2 questions you still have about immigration/emigration 1 sentence comparing refugees and immigrants