MINERAL IDENTIFICATION WHAT MINERAL IS THIS?

VOLUME)MASS ANYTHING THAT TAKES UP SPACE (VOLUME) AND MASS VACUUM BASICALLY, EVERYTHING EXCEPT THE VACUUM OF SPACE WHAT IS MATTER?

MATTER ARE THE BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER ATOMS H ELEMENTS ARE MADE OF A SINGLE TYPE OF ATOM ELEMENTS HH H H H Hydrogen

Element Symbols EACH ELEMENT HAS A SYMBOL O‘O’ IS THE SYMBOL FOR OXYGEN SYMBOLS MAY CONTAIN 1 TO 3 LETTERS (1 CAPITAL AND THE REST LOWER CASE)

Element Symbols CAPITAL LOWERTHE FIRST LETTER IS ALWAYS A CAPITAL LETTER AND ANY ADDITIONAL LETTERS ARE LOWER CASE Au UuqEXAMPLE: ‘Au’ IS THE SYMBOL FOR GOLD AND ‘Uuq’ IS THE SYMBOL FOR UNUNQUADIUM

OXYGEN (O) GOLD (Au) SILVER (Ag) EXAMPLES OF SINGLE ELEMENTS MERCURY (Hg) HELIUM (He) HYDROGEN (H) UNUNUNIUM (Uuu)

WHICH ARE SINGLE ELEMENTS? SubstanceSymbol SaltNaCl OxygenO MercuryHg Gold Au WaterH 2 O

TWO OR MORE ELEMENTS JOINED/BONDED TOGETHER COMPOUNDS H2OH2O O HH

SUBSTANCEFormulas SALT NaCl WATER H 2 O HYDROGEN PEROXIDE H 2 O 2 CARBON DIOXIDE CO 2 SUGAR C 12 H 24 O 12 EXAMPLES OF COMPOUNDS

WHICH ARE COMPOUNDS? SUBSTANCE Formula SALT NaCl NITROGEN N SILVERAg CARBON MONOXIDE CO FOOL’S GOLD (PYRITE) FeS

ELEMENTS MINERALS ARE MADE FROM COMPOUNDS OR

ARE ALL ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS MINERALS? NO

Gold (a u ) Crystals WHICH IS A MINERAL AND WHY?

CHARACTERISTICS OF MINERALS MINERALS ARE ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS THAT ARE: SOLID NATURAL CRYSTAL SHAPE INORGANIC (NON-LIVING)

MINERALS: NATURAL SOLID CRYSTAL SHAPE INORGANIC (NON-LIVING)

MINERALS: NATURAL SOLID CRYSTAL SHAPE INORGANIC (NON-LIVING)

ELEMENT SODIUM (Na) + THEY FORM THE COMPOUND SODIUM CHLORIDE (NaCl) (MINERAL HALITE) = ELEMENT CHLORINE (Cl) CHEMICALLY BOND TOGETHER

+ = ELEMENT ELEMENT OXYGEN (O) COMPOUND FORM COMPOUND SILICAOXIDE MINERAL QUARTZ ELEMENT ELEMENT SILICON (Si) CHEMICALLY BOND TOGETHER

USE MEDICINES MOST EVERYTHING WE USE INCLUDING MANY MEDICINES ARE MADE USING MINERALS WHY ARE MINERALS IMPORTANT?????

IDENTIFYING MINERALS PROPERTIES OF MINERALS – PROPERTIES COMMON TO ALL MINERALS SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS – PROPERTIES FOUND IN ONLY A FEW TYPES OF MINERALS

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS (COMMON TO ALL MINERALS) COLOR LUSTER CRYSTAL SHAPE CLEAVAGE/FRACTURE STREAK HARDNESS DENSITY LET’S ROCK BABY!

LEAST USEFUL PROPERTY FOR MINERAL IDENTIFICATION COLORSA MINERAL MAY HAVE MANY COLORS COLOR

EXAMPLE: QUARTZ (SiO) – CLEAR – MILKY – ROSE (TITANIUM) – AMETHYST (IRON) – SMOKEY (RADIATION) COLOR

ROSE SMOKEY CLEAR 1* 2* AMETHYST 3* 4* QUARTZ

EXAMPLE: DIAMONDS – EXAMPLE: DIAMONDS – HARDEST KNOWN MINERAL *5 HOPE DIAMOND

LUSTER COLOR THE COLOR OF LIGHT REFLECTED BY A MINERAL

LUSTER TYPES OF LUSTER METALLICMETALLIC NONMETALLICNONMETALLIC

LUSTER METALLIC METAL METALLIC – THE REFLECTED LIGHT LOOKS LIKE A METAL

EXAMPLES OF MATERIALS WITH METALLIC LUSTER GOLDGOLD SILVERSILVER COPPERCOPPER BRONZEBRONZE OTHER?

LUSTER NONMETALLIC DOES NOT NONMETALLIC – THE REFLECTED LIGHT DOES NOT LOOKS LIKE A METAL

EXAMPLES OF MATERIALS WITHOUT METALLIC LUSTER MUD TABLE TOPS GLASS PLASTIC MOST EVERYTHING EXCEPT METALS!

LUSTER ?

A REGULAR GEOMETRIC SOLID WITH SMOOTH SURFACES CALLED CRYSTAL FACES THIS IS HOW MINERALS GROW OR FORM. CRYSTAL SHAPE

WHY DO MINERALS FORM IN SPECIFIC CRYSTAL SHAPES? AS THEY GROW ATOMS ARE ARRANGED IN A REPEATING PATTERN

HAS THIS TYPE OF INTERNAL STRUCTURE ROCK SALT (HALITE) LEAD ORE (GALENA) FOOL’S GOLD (PYRITE)

HAS THIS TYPE OF INTERNAL STRUCTURE FLUORITE

HAS THIS TYPE OF INTERNAL STRUCTURE MICA (MUSCOVITE) MICA (CHLORITE)

CRYSTAL SHAPES CUBIC HEXAGONAL ORTHORHOMBIC MONOCLINIC TRICLINIC TETRAGONAL HOW THEY GROW!

Calcite

WHICH ARE NOT GEOMETRIC SOLIDS WITH SMOOTH SURFACES? A B C D

CLEAVAGE & FRACTURE DESCRIBES HOW MINERALS BREAK CLEAVAGE FRACTURE

CLEAVAGE TENDENCY OF MINERALS TO BREAK EASILY AND SEPARATE ALONG FLAT SURFACES

CLEAVAGE 1 DIRECTIONAL 2 DIRECTIONAL 90 o 60 o 120 o

CLEAVAGE 3 DIRECTIONAL 90o 60 o 120 o

1 DIRECTIONAL 2 DIRECTIONAL 8* EXAMPLE: MICA

3 DIRECTIONAL

FRACTURE WHEN MINERALS BREAK ROUGHLY, NOT ALONG FLAT SURFACES

CONCHOIDAL Like a Clam Shell FRACTURE

IRREGULAR/ UNEVEN FRACTURE Rough

FIBROUS FRACTURE Like Hair

SPLINTERY FRACTURE Like Spaghetti

MINERAL PROPERTY TESTS (HELP DETERMINE THE TYPE OF MINERAL) STREAK TEST HARDNESS TEST DENSITY TEST LET’S ROCK BABY!

STREAK THE COLOR OF A MINERAL’S POWDER STREAK COLOR IS NOT NECESSARILY THE SAME COLOR AS THE MINERAL A MINERAL’S COLOR MAY VARY, BUT THE COLOR OF THE STREAK DOES NOT STREAK PLATE

HARDNESS TEST RESISTANCE TO BEING SCRATCHED MOST USEFUL PROPERTY IN MINERAL IDENTIFICATION HARDER MINERALS WILL SCRATCH ALL SOFTER MINERALS SOFTER MINERALS WILL BE SCRATCHED BY ALL HARDER MINERALS

FRIEDRICH MOHS ( ) BORN IN AUSTRIA SON OF A MERCHANT STUDIED MATH, PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, & MINERALS CLASSIFIED MINERALS FOR AN IMPORTANT BANKER

FRIEDRICH MOHS ( ) DEVELOPED THE MINERAL HARDNESS SCALE CALLED MOH’S HARDNESS SCALE IN FAVOR OF USING PHYSICAL PROPERTIES TO IDENTIFY MINERALS (COLOR, HARDNESS, ETC.) BECAME FIRST PROFESSOR OF MINERALOLOGY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA

HARDNESS

HARDNESS WHAT IS THE # OF THE SOFTEST MINERAL? WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE SOFTEST MINERAL?

HARDNESS WHAT IS THE # OF THE HARDEST MINERAL? WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE HARDEST MINERAL?

DENSITY TEST THE AMOUNT OF MATERIAL (MATTER) IN A GIVEN SPACE

DENSITY TEST BALLOON BALL OF YARN BALL OF LEAD IF ALL OF THESE WERE EXACTLY THE SAME SIZE, WHICH WOULD BE THE MOST DENSE?

SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS MAGNETISMMAGNETISM TASTETASTE FLUORESCENCEFLUORESCENCE RADIOACTIVITYRADIOACTIVITY ELECTRICALELECTRICAL ACID TESTACID TEST

MAGNETISM MAGNITITE

TASTE HALITE (ROCK SALT)

FLUORITE MINERAL GLOWS IN THE PRESENCE OF ULTRA-VIOLET LIGHT FLUORESCENCE

RADIOACTIVITY MINERALS GIVE OFF ENERGY URANINITE

ELECTRICAL QUARTZ SOME MINERALS CONDUCT ELECTRICITY OR VIBRATE WHEN ELECTRICITY PASSES THROUGH THEM. EXAMPLES: COPPER QUARTZ

SOME MINERALS WILL FIZZ WHEN THEY COME IN CONTACT WITH ACID CALCITE ACID TEST

THE END – MINERAL MELTDOWN