Pharynx

PHARYNX Passage way for food and liquid. In both digestive and respiratory systems.

PHARYNX Palatopharyngeal arch: When food touches it, swallowing initiates.

PHARYNX Tonsils: Lymph tissue (mouth defense) Tonsilitis, tonsilectomy

Cracker vs. Water Follow the directions in this mini-lab. Answer the questions in your lab book.

Esophagus

Leads the pharynx to the stomach. Tube of muscle

Esophagus Deglutition: swallowing Under autonomic control (no control)

Deglutition 1. Uvula moves up, covers nasal passage 2. Pharynx moves up and the epiglottis covers respiratory system.

Peristalsis Bolus pushed through by a rhythmic smooth muscle contraction. Reverse peristalsis???

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Heartburn Stomach acid bubbles up into esophagus and burns layers of esophagus.

Esophagus Normal esophagus

Heartburn

Esophagus

Newspaper article

Stomach

Stomach: COLOR A. FundusB. Body C. Pylorus D. Pyloric sphincter E. Cardia

Stomach J-shaped Slightly on left side of the body

Stomach Functions: 1. Physical breakdown (Muscular) 3 layers of powerful muscle

Stomach 2. Chemical breakdown (acid/enzyme)

Stomach 3. Storage (holds about 1.5 liters) Like….

Kobayashi Worlds greatest eater! 5’7’’ 130lbs

Kobayashi 18 pounds of cow brains in 15 min 53 hot dogs and buns in 12 min 20 pounds of rice in 30 min

Kobayashi Once ate at a all you can eat buffet and gained 26 pounds at one sitting!!

Stomach Parts: Fundus Body Pylorus “ gate guard”

Stomach Openings: Sphincter: muscular ring that contracts to close the entrance or exit of an internal passageway.

STOMACH Cardia (e): Connects esophagus to stomach Near ??

Stomach Pyloric Sphincter (d): Regulates flow of chyme between stomach and S.I. Autonomic control

Stomach Gastric Mucosa: Epithelial cells full of mucosa cells Lining of the stomach Stretch receptors

Stomach Gastric Mucosa: Secretes a protective mucous (protects from acid, enzymes, abrasive material)

Stomach Color code the lining of the stomach. Figure 1 = g Figure 2 = h, i, j

Stomach Rugae (ROO-ge) Wrinkles, very folded

Stomach

Gastrin: Hormone released when food enters stomach. Stretch receptors in the stomach wall trigger gastrin.

Stomach Gastrin: Stimulates the gastric gland

Stomach Chyme: A soupy mixture of food + gastric juices after they are combined Vomit

Stomach Gastric Glands: Responsible for secreting gastric juices. 1.5 liters per day

Gastric Gland Contain 2 types of secreting cells Parietal and Chief

Parietal cells 1. Releases HCl for breakdown 2. killing microorganisms

Parietal cells 3. Activates enzymes (in chief cells) 4. Intrinsic factors (Vitamin. B12)

Chief cells Releases pepsinogen (pre-enzyme)

Chief cells Pepsinogen + HCl Pepsin (enzyme)

Chief cells Pepsin: Protein splitter

Gastric pits Depressions or “pits” where the glands are located in. Gastric pit communicates with gastric glands.

Disorders: Ulcers: open sore in the wall of the stomach