Air Into the Lungs Lungs and Respiratory Tree Lungs and Pleural Cavity Diaphragm Costal muscles Lung Volume and Respiratory Control.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Respiratory System Objectives:
Advertisements

Spirometry.
Functions of the Respiratory system
Structure of the Respiratory system
Human Respiratory System
Respiratory Anatomy Mrs. Meister Function Takes in air containing 02 Takes in air containing 02 Removes 02 from the air Removes 02 from the air Sends.
1.Respiration (external, internal, and cellular). 2.Production of sound (vocal cords). 3.Pulmonary ventilation. 4. Inspiration (intercostals muscles lift.
Chapter 23. Functions  Area of gas exchange between air and circulating blood  Producing sounds for communication.
By: Sam Mentkowski & Rachael Shulta
GAS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS.
Respiratory System Chapter 16.
1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Human Biology Sylvia S. Mader Michael Windelspecht Chapter.
Chapter 19 Inspiration and Expiration. Ventilation Breathing – Movement of air from outside the body into the bronchial tree and alveoli and then back.
Respiratory System.
“THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM” HAP Chapter 16. Why breathe???
Respiratory System Page 956
©Subject Support Hairs: Filter Dust, Pollen and Foreign bodies Air is warmed and moistened Cilia transport foreign particles to the Pharynx.
Chapter 19 – Respiratory System
The Respiratory System
Respiratory System. Primary Function – Gas Exchange Secondary Functions – Speech – pH regulation of internal environment.
Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 16.
1 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. CHAPTER 14 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Ch 16 Notes. IDENTIFY THE FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. Obtaining oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. Cellular Respiration:
Larry M. Frolich, Human Anatomy, Respiratory Function Thoracic Cavity and Respiration Alveoli Respiratory Tree Lungs Diaphragm Intercostal Muscles.
The Respiratory system Pulmonary ventilation – Chp 16 Respiration.
Respiratory System Exercises 36 and 37.
The Respiratory System Breathe in… Breathe out…. Respiration Respiration – process of gas exchange between the atmosphere and body cells Events include:
Respiratory System Biol 105 Lecture 18 Chapter 14.
Respiratory Physiology Part I
1 Respiratory System. 2 Outline The Respiratory Tract – The Nose – The Pharynx – The Larynx – The Bronchial Tree – The Lungs Gas Exchange Mechanisms of.
Structure and function of the respiratory system
The Respiratory System Chapter 15. Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001 Introduction Responsible for the exchange of gases between the body.
Respiratory System. Functions of the Respiratory System 1.Pulmonary ventilation – movement of gases into/out of lungs for exchange 2.Gas conditioning.
Oxygen to the Blood Why start here? When is someone dead? Alveoli—where the action is Diffusion--Gases and liquids Red Blood Cells and Hemoglobin Lung.
Copyright © 2003 a TBM production. All rights and lefts reserved Respiration: The Exchange of Gases Respiratory System.
Pulmonary Circulation- THIS IS A REVIEW!!!! ______________ blood enters the lungs from ______ ventricle of heart through the pulmonary ______. Pulmonary.
Respiratory System Anatomy and Physiology. Parts of the Respiratory System  Nasal Cavity  Pharynx – common passage of food and air  Larynx – 8 rings.
The Respiratory System. System Overview Includes tubes that remove particles from incoming air and transport air in and out of the lungs Microscopic air.
Organs of the Respiratory System
ECAP BIOL The Respiratory System Mrs. Riel.
The Respiratory System Chapter 10. Organs of the Respiratory System Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs.
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The primary function of the respiratory system is to allow oxygen from the air.
The Respiratory System. Overview  The main function of the system is to allow gas exchange  The Respiratory system is divided into an upper respiratory.
Respiration Pulmonary ventilation (breathing): movement of air into and out of the lungs External respiration: O 2 and CO 2 exchange between the lungs.
 Be sure to check the absent folder if you have been absent!  Last day to Make up Blood/Cardiovascular System Exam will be Wednesday. After that it will.
Respiratory System – V3 The purpose of the respiratory system is to exchange gases. In aerobic organisms oxygen (O 2 ) must be brought to cells and carbon.
The Respiratory System 2 Chapter 15. The Lower Respiratory Tract Contains the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli Structurally similar throughout.
F211: Exchange & transport Exchange surfaces & breathing (pulmonary system & ventilation) By Mr. Wilson.
Chapter 13 The Respiratory System. Organs of the Respiratory system  Nose  Pharynx  Larynx  Trachea  Bronchi  Lungs – alveoli.
Respiratory System Describe the pathway of gas exchange from the external environment to the capillary bed and back out. Describe the structure and function.
The Respiratory System
Do Now Read the article and answer the questions.
The Respiratory System
Respiratory system (RS) is one of the vital systems in the body
Overview of Respiratory System
The Respiratory System
Respiratory System.
The Respiratory System
Chapter 17 Respiratory System.
Respiratory Physiology
The Respiratory System
Understand the Functions of the Respiratory System
HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
IB BIOLOGY Year 1 Human Health and Physiology Topic 6.4 Gas Exchange
Chapter 13 The Respiratory System
Structures of the Respiratory System (Continued)
Breathing.
The Respiratory System
Presentation transcript:

Air Into the Lungs Lungs and Respiratory Tree Lungs and Pleural Cavity Diaphragm Costal muscles Lung Volume and Respiratory Control

Alveoli reminder— this is where the action is! Key to lung function Where O2 enters blood, CO2 leaves blood Every alveoli is capillary covered sac Lining of sac is squamous epithelium Also cuboidal epithelial cells that secret surfactant (keeps surfaces from sticking) and cilia (to move mucous and particles up respiratory tree Unfold alveolar membranes in human lungs—tennis court! But how does air get to alveoli?

Lungs and Respiratory Tree Air enters through nasal passage to pharynx to glottis (A and P I review) Trachea to primary bronchii (left, right) to secondary bronchii to tertiary bronchii to bronchioles to clusters of alveolii in pulmonary lobules Cartilage rings hold trachea and bronchii open NAV (Nerve, Artery, Vein) bundle follow branching bronchii to capillary beds that surround alveoli

Respiratory epithelium Bronchii lined by ciliated, pseudo- stratified epithelium Goblet cells and glands secrete mucous Cilia move in waves and mucous, along with particles are swept towards pharynx—”mucous escalator”

Lungs and Pleural cavity—visceral and parietal pleura Serous linings of body cavity (A and P I review)—lubricated to prevent sticking Parietal pleura on internal surface or ribs/costal muscles Visceral pleura adhered to external surface of lungs Pleural cavity is between visceral and parietal pleura which seal the cavity

Lobes of lungs Right lung – Upper lobe – Middle lobe – Lower lobe Left Lung – Upper lobe – Lower lobe – Cardiac notch

Action of the Diaphragm Primary muscle of respiration (involuntary) – Contraction during inspiration – Increases volume of thoracic cavity – Decreases pressure of thoracic cavity – Air moves into lungs (high  low pressure) Forced contraction (voluntary) – Used for defecation, urination, labor – Increases pressure in abdominal cavity – Pushes on abdominal organs to move contents out Diaphragm can only actively contract inferiorly to expand thoracic cavity. Exhalation of air from lungs is due to elastic tissue in lungs and compression of abdomen by abdominal muscles

During running, in humans and quadrupedal mammals, the large, heavy liver, moves cranially and caudally, due to rhythmic momentum changes as the feet hit the ground. This in turn pushes and pulls on the diaphragm, thereby expanding and contracting the thoracic cavity with little muscular action on the part of the diaphragm itself. Liver as Piston

Other respiratory muscles External intercostals work with diaphragm to help expand rib cage during inhalation Internal intercostal muscles with abdominals can force contraction of rib cage during exhalation.

Lung Capacity Total lung capacity: 4200 ml (f); 6000 ml (m) Resting tidal volume: 500 ml (f) Expiratory reserve (amount you can blow out after exhaling normally): 700 ml (f) Residual volume (amount you can never blow out): 1100 ml (f) Inspiratory reserve (amount you can breathe in after normal inhalation): 1900 ml (f) Rate of air exchange At rest: 500 ml/breath (tidal volume) x 12 breaths/min (resting respiratory rate) = 6 liters/min. Peak exercise: 4800 ml/breath (expanded tidal volume using most of reserves) x 50 breaths/min. (increased respiratory rate) = 200 liters/min. Lung Volume and Respiratory Rate (review)

Respiratory control (review) Great review of nervous system – Brainstem – Cranial nerves – Sensory and motor – Visceral versus somatic CO2 levels have more input during normal respiration Possible to blow off enough CO2 to pass out since low O2 doesn’t kick in on time—careful divers and swimmers!