Prepositions: Definition: relates the noun or pronoun following it to another word in the sentence. A lot of the time prepositions help to show relationships between things or even a location. Since prepositions have many different meanings, using a specific one can affect the overall sentence. Ex: The parade passed (near) City Hall. The parade passed (in front of) City Hall. The parade passed (behind) City Hall. **See handout for common prepositions and compound preps. Practice pg. 363 ex. 1

Prepositional Phrases  A preposition used in a sentence ALWAYS introduces a prepositional phrase. There will NEVER be a verb in a prep. phrase!  A prepositional phrase starts with a preposition and ends with a noun/pronoun. This noun/pronoun is the object of the preposition.  Some prepositional phrases are only 2 words; the preposition and its object. ex: Julie wanted to sit near him.  Others are longer b/c they contain modifiers. ex. Julie found her book underneath the old dusty papers.

Examples: 1. Do not enter the classroom without your grammar book. 2. Billy will be sitting in front of Jackie today. 3. Please turn your paper into the basket. These words are only prepositions if they can be used in a prep. phrase. Please take this to the office. He tried to throw his garbage in, but he missed. Practice pg. 366 ex. 9

Preposition or Adverb? Review Adverb Review Preposition If the word is a preposition, it begins a prep. phrase and is followed by the object of the preposition. If the word doesn’t have an object of the preposition, it is probably being used as an adverb. Preposition: The broken panel was outside the spacecraft. Adverb: The astronauts slowly stepped outside. Preposition: An asteroid belt appears before Jupiter. Adverb: I had not realized that before. Practice: pg. 367 ex, 10

Adjective Phrases Review adjectives Review prep. Phrases Adjective Phrase: a prepositional phrase that modifies a noun/pronon. It tells what kind or which one. Examples: 1. The sound of the wind scared us. (modifies subject: sound) 2. It rattled windows in the room. (modifies direct object/noun: windows) 3. The weather vane on the roof of the barn spun wildly. (modifies subject: vane AND obj. of prep.: roof) 4. There was a smell of rain in the air. (modifies subject: smell)

Examples: 1. The roadway with two lanes began there. 2. The store around the corner is having a sale. 3. The teacher with the angry face stopped us. 4. The sound of the thunder scared the children. Practice: pg. 427 ex. 1

Adverb Phrases Review adverbs Adverb phrase: a prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, adjective, or an adverb. It tells where, when, in what way/how, to what extent 1. Raindrops fell in heavy torrents. (modifies verb: fell) 2. The day was warm for December. (modifies adjective: warm) 3. The tornado struck suddenly, within minutes of the warning. (modifies adverb: suddenly) Examples: 1. Please put your books underneath your desk. 2. You can find fiction books along the back walls of the LRC. 3. The pep assembly will start at 1:35p.m. Practice: pg. 429 ex. 2 & ex. 3