AFRICA UNIT Chapter 4 – Section 5 Effects of European Rule

Essential Questions 3.17 What methods did Europeans use to rule the colonies? 3.18What economic changes did European rule bring? 3.19How did European rule affect African cultures? 3.20What improvements did European rule bring to Africa?

1. Methods of Rule Europeans run the show!!! –Direct Rule: Mother country (Europeans) is in the colony ruling. –Indirect Rule: Traditional government (Africans) is controlled by Europeans

2. Changes caused by Imperialism MedicineSchoolsInfrastructure Positives Westernize –Lose Traditions –Changing Roles Causes NATIONALISM Traditional –Tribes –Customs/Traditions –Role of Women –Religion (Animism) Social - Culture Export Raw Materials –Coastal Mines –Cash Crops Traditional –Subsistence –Hunting –Barter Economic

AFRICAN RESISTANCE

The clashes in S. Africa/Cape Colony Zulu fight the British (Zulu Rebellions) -Shaka the leader of the Zulu formed a well trained army in an effort to create a bigger state. -His successors failed to continue his strengths and British invaders moved in. -The Zulu bravely fought the British using spears and shields but eventually were defeated by the British weapons at the battle of Ulundi. -By 1887, the Zulu had fallen under British domination. -Last Zulu Rebellion fought in 1906

The Zulu

The Boer Wars The Boers (Afrikaners) were Dutch settlers (farmers) who had arrived in Africa in the 1600’s. They built large farms through the 1800’s until the British arrived. The Cape Colony (South Africa) was valuable to Britain because of its strategic importance as a supply station on the route to India. In the 1830’s, they moved north to escape British rule in what is called The Great Trek. The Boers (Afrikaners) then found themselves fighting the Zulu and other tribes whose lands they were taking.

The Boer Wars When diamonds were discovered in the late 1890’s. the British sought to create a rebellion. The Boers fought back against the British using guerilla tactics, Britain burned much of the Boer lands in retaliation. (Scorched Earth Policy) The British used concentration camps and killed over 14,000 Afrikaners By 1910, the Boers were defeated and the union of South Africa was formed under British rule.

The Boer Wars

Lets Review

What happened to the Zulu? 1.They conquered most of S. Africa by They were defeated by the British 3.They blended with the Boers to from the Republic of S. Africa 4.They migrated to Asia

Who were the Boers? 1.British settlers who defeated the Zulu 2.German migrants who ended slavery 3.Dutch farmers who were defeated by the British 4.Africans living along the Congo basin.

Reading Pages Which demand of the factory system did colonies answer? –Source of raw materials –Act as a market What were two reactions of the Africans to European colonization? 1.Violent Opposition 2.Cooperation 3.Passive opposition

CLOSURE 1.4 – natural resources5.3 – expansion of the Industrial Revolution 2.1 – France6.4 – France & Britain 3.1 – United States and Russia 7.3 – has existed since ancient times 4.3 – prior to World War I 8.2 – declines of traditional African cultures

Closure What methods did Europeans use to rule the colonies? What economic changes did European rule bring? How did European rule affect African cultures? What improvements did European rule bring to Africa?

Effects of African Imperialism Improved Technology Cultural Diffusion Nationalism Better Education Economic Change Better Infrastructure Telegraph Better Hospitals Automobiles Build Railroads Roads Elementary schools Housing Secondary Schools Universities Class based society Money Economy Cash Crop economy African Nationalism African Independence movements European educated Nationalist Independence leaders Decreases in population Christianity spreads Causes tribal disunity

GENOCIDE