WAR IN THE PACIFIC Officially began Dec 7, 1941 when Empire of _ invaded Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and the US military base at _______.

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Presentation transcript:

WAR IN THE PACIFIC Officially began Dec 7, 1941 when Empire of ___________ invaded Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and the US military base at _________________ Dates back to 1938 when Japan took up strategic bombing against ___________ – devastating entire cities and killing more than 260,000 (including civilians)

US TENSION WITH JAPAN To discourage Japan’s M – especially in China & Indochina (Vietnam) - the USA & _________ stopped trading iron ore, steel & oil to Japan Denying it raw materials needed to continue activities toward Asian_____________________ 80% of Japanese consumption … without which their E___________ & M___________ would grind to a halt

JAPAN’S DECISION Faced with choice of economic collapse & withdrawal, Japan Imperial Gov began plans for war with ________________ Original objective was to seize key _____________ colonial economic resources in Malaysia & East Indies Later decided - because of close relationship between USA & Britain - belief they would ___________ get involved too Japan based decision on experiences v. ________________ = defeat by strategic military battles … not total conquest

ATTACK OF PEARL HARBOR ______________-based air strikes aimed at crippling US Naval forces = 8 American ___________ taken out of action Gamble that, when faced with such sudden & massive defeat, USA would agree to __________________ – allowing Japan free rein in Asia & Pacific Region

FOLLOWING … _______________

RESULTS IN … USAir Craft Carriers US Air Craft Carriers, far more important than battleships, were at sea = remain untouched Infrastructure Vital Infrastructure - fuel tanks, shipyard, power station, Radar – remained functional & useful mobilize - continues ability to mobilize for war gain intelligence - continues ability to gain intelligence Solidifies American resolve for War against the Axis Powers in both Europe & the Pacific

ALSO CRITICAL: ______________________

ATTACK ON PHILIPPINES Same day as Pearl Harbor = “ Day of Infamy !” trade & communication Cut off Allied lines of trade & communication by seizing Guam & Wake Additional Allied losses included: Hong Kong, East Indies, Singapore, Indonesia, etc… Isolating Allied Powers = Australia & New Zealand - even sent forces to try to take Aluetian Islands

EXPANDS JAPAN’S: ____________________

DOOLITTLE RAID Air raid from an Carrier on Japan’s capital city ofT______ Lieutenant Colonel James "James" Doolittle Demonstrated that Japan was vulnerable to attack

ISLAND-HOPPING Tokyo Strategy - cut supply lines & eliminate troop pockets moving from one island to the next on way to Tokyo resources Concentrate - take out resources available to their military production airfields Ability to construct airfields from which strategically bomb Philippines Make way back to retaking Philippines

BATTLE AT MIDWAY (W____-T_______) flanking US code breakers (W____-T_______) discovered intentions of Japanese... allowing carriers to get into flanking position without detection US bombers from carriers attack from 10,000 feet dealing fatal blows to 3 Japanese carriers

GUADALCANAL amphibious Marines make amphibious landing of Solomon Islands Capture airfield, destroy aircraft, cut Japanese supply lines … Expand strategy toward ultimately invading Japan

IWO JIMA 3strategic airfields Capture 3 strategic airfields on island allow Allies launch air & naval assaults from much closer range Raising the Flag Marine Regiment reached summit of Mt. Siribatchi for famous Raising the Flag picture

BOMBING TOKYO BOMBING TOKYO (MARCH 1945) StrategicUrban 280 B-29 Super-fortress 1700 tonsStrategic (factories) & Urban (cities) bombing using 280 B-29 Super-fortress bombers ( 1700 tons ) – including many highly destructive incendiary bombs Desire to force Japan to capitulate (Armistice) Single most destructive bombing raid in history 286,358 buildings & homes destroyed 97,000 killed + 125,000 wounded

OKINAWA OKINAWA (APRIL 1945) Operation Iceberg … (4 Army Div + 2 Marine)Operation Iceberg … largest amphibious assault in Pacific War (4 Army Div + 2 Marine) 110,000 casualties including civilians Allied forces suffer 14,000 deaths of the total of 110,000 casualties … including civilians

MANHATTAN PROJECT nuclear weaponsResearch / Development project to produce the first nuclear weapons = Atomic Bombs U.S. Army Corps of Engineers at Los Alamos Lab Fission weapon made of uranium and a more complex plutonium implosion-type weapon

DECISION TO DROP ATOMIC BOMB Bombing campaign to destroy Japan’s infrastructure (factories, RR, ports…) did not result in Armistice (Treaty) Island-Hopping campaign & potential invasion of Japan predicted to be extremely costly (men & machines) American soldiers & civilians weary from 4 years of war … Japan’s military rejects request for unconditional surrender

HIROSHIMA & NAGASAKI (AUG 1945) Targeted because of association to military production Aug 6 = uranium bomb ( Little Boy ) drop on Hiroshima Aug 9 = plutonium bomb ( Fat Man ) drop on Nagasaki Estimates put dead at: - 150,000 in Hiroshima - 80,000 in Nagasaki

TOTAL DESTRUCTION

HIROSHIMA PEACE MEMORIAL MUSEUM

DIFFICULT DECISION DIFFICULT DECISION …